.
Note: Click here to review the parallel report on the 1997 Convention. and on the 2000 Convention. They are organized in the same way.
©1996, 1997, 1999, 2002 by Louie Crew.
.
I will treat in the same way any alternates still to be elected and any shifts in deputations due to death, moves, or other causes. Such changes typically occur right through General Convention itself. Yet with 95% of the deputation on record for this report, percentages are not likely off much on any one tally.
Some of the statistical analysis is restricted to the data for the 100 domestic dioceses of the Episcopal Church; some analysis includes all 108 dioceses. The context of any report will clarify the portion analyzed.
The report depends heavily on official data provided in The Episcopal Clerical Directory, especially on the hard-cover editions for 1996, 1998, 1999, and 2001, The Episcopal Lay Leadership Directory (now out of print), and several recent editions of the Episcopal Church Annual. Almost never is information merely transferred from one of these sources, but rather, data from those sources is put into a data base from one or more other sources and then relational questions are asked. Data from all official sources is only as good as the data provided to them, typically supplied by priests through parochial reports and entry forms Episcopal Clerical Directory. I welcome corrections, but will not correct the official sources, lest I 'doctor' the data.
Episcopal means "overseen by bishops." Bishops and all others are accountable to the General Convention, a bicameral legislature which meets triennially. The House of Deputies is one chamber, the House of Bishops the other. Legislation must pass with exactly the same wording in both houses to be official policy of the Episcopal Church.
During the interim between conventions, the Presiding Bishop and the Executive Council provide oversight at the national level. One principal bishop oversees each of the 100 domestic dioceses of the Episcopal Church, with much choice left to each diocese in terms of its liturgical and theological preferences, including choice of candidates for ordination.
General Convention governs the church through Constitution and Canons, and it advises the church through resolutions. Before General Convention, interim bodies (a.k.a. "Commissions, Committees, and Boards") write reports and draft resolutions for publication in Blue Book (see the 2000 edition). The Blue Book is sent to all deputies and bishops at least three months prior to convention. After of each General Convention, the actions are preserved in the Journal of General Convention (See the 2000 edition).
The House of Deputies is composed of up to 4 deputies in the clergy order and up to 4 deputies in the lay order from each diocese, elected at diocesan conventions at least a year in advance of the General Convention, unless special permission is granted to recognize elections after these deadlines. Dioceses typically elect up to 4 alternates in each order as well, but only 4 persons in each order may serve during any one half-day session. (See Effects of Disproportional Representation.)
To keep the data manageable and to reflect the practice that prevails the vast majority of the time, I have restricted my report to deputies and first alternates. Most other alternates have to pay their own way to convention, and many never actually serve.
This report monitors and correlates many variables about House of Deputies. See earlier versions for 1997 and 2000. I have completely re-done this manuscript for the General Convention of 2003.
For more detailed information, see the Constitution and Canons of the Episcopal Church.
| Deputies in 2003 who served in 2000 |
|
| Deputies in 2003 who served in 2000 and 1997 |
|
| Deputies in 2003 who served in 2000, 1997 and 1994 |
|
| Deputies in 1997 who skipped 2000 and returned in 2003 |
|
| New in 2000 not returning in 2003 |
|
| New in 1997 not returning in 2000 |
|
| New in 2000 under 30 not returning in 2003 |
|
| New in 2000 and male and not returning in 2003 |
|
| New in 2000 and female and not returning in 2003 | 59.9% |
| New in 2000 and deputy of color and not returning in 2003 | 60.6% |
See the list of 2000 deputies known not to be returning in 2003 (44%).
The evidence does not support the claim that deputies of color tend to be elected more readily to the 3rd, 4th, and 5th positions.
| Rank | % of females | % of color |
|---|---|---|
| Clergy Order | ||
| c* | 2.4% | 0.0% |
| c1 | 22.6% | 25.5% |
| c2 | 21.0% | 19.6% |
| c3 | 18.5% | 21.6% |
| c4 | 19.4% | 23.5% |
| c5 | 16.1% | 9.8% |
| Lay Order | ||
| l* | 3.2% | 1.4% |
| l1 | 21.3% | 29.2% |
| l2 | 20.1% | 16.7% |
| l3 | 20.1% | 23.6% |
| l4 | 18.9% | 16.7% |
| l5 | 16.5% | 12.5% |
Both women and deputies of color are in stronger force in the lay order than in the clergy.
Women hold 51.5% of the L1's and 27.2% of the C2's.
Women are 38.3% of the House.
See Gender
(In 2000 women were 54% of the L1's and in 1997, 50.5%.
In 2000 women were 20% of the C1's and in 1997, 22%
In 2000 women were 38.9% of the House, and in 1997, 36.4%)
Deputies of color hold 20.4% of the L1's and 12.6% of the C1's.
Deputies of Color are 12.7% of the House.
See Neighborhoods
(In 2000 deputies of color were 24% of the L1's and in 1997, 31.7%
In 2000 deputies of color were 26.4% of the C1's and in 1997, 16.3%
In 2000 deputies of color were 12.5% of the House, and in 1997, 11%)
See graph of women's ordination
Women were first allowed to be seated as deputies in 1970, 50 years after women's suffrage in the U.S.A.. Women have been eligible to serve as priests only since 1976, but women have steadily gained a larger share of the membership since their enfranchisement. 2003 is the first year that the female share of the House of Deputies has not increased since women deputies were first allowed. The female share (38.3%) of the House in 2003 is only .3% lower than the female share of 38.6% in 2000.
Nor have women continued to increase their share of the clergy order
in 2003:
The female clergy share went from 19.7% in 1997 to 24.7% in 2000 and has dipped ever so slightly to 24.4% in 2003.
In the lay order, females continue to have a slight edge on males, as in 1997 and 2000. In 2003 the House is 26.1% lay females vs. 24.1% lay males.
Click here to see a list of all female deputies. Click here to see the most current summary statistics of gender in the House, which may vary from the results reported in this profile, as the five remaining deputations become known.
In 1997 females constituted 36 percent of the House; in 2000, 39 percent; in 2003, 38.1%.
In the 1996 The Clerical Directory, females were only 13.8% of
those listed.. By 1999 females were 17.8% of 17,117 clergy listed in The
Clerical Directory. By 2001, women were 20.3% of the 17,118
clergy listed in the Clerical Directory.
Click here
to see their distribution in 2000 diocese by diocese.
In 2003, there is only one diocese without a female deputy, out of the 103 first to report: Ecuador.
Twenty-one of the 103 dioceses (20%) have no female clergy deputies
for General Convention 2003 (vs. 30 of the 108 dioceses in 2000, 28%):
Albany, Central Florida, Central New York, Churches in Europe, Dallas,
Eastern Oregon, Eau Claire, Ecuador, Florida, Fond du Lac, Fort Worth,
Mississippi, Northwest Texas, Quincy, Rhode Island, San Joaquin, Utah,
Virgin Islands, West Tennessee, Western Kansas, Western Louisiana.
No Female Clergy Deputies
.
Gender issues are noted in many other sections of this report, especially
rank,
age,
marital history, clergy education,
honor societies, participation
in subgroups,
size of deputy congregations, provincial
patterns, clergy ordination patterns, assignments,
commissions,
committees, and boards.
Only 6.2% of the members of The House of Deputies are under 40 (up only 2.2% from 2000). Yet in a recent Executive Council survey, leaders throughout the Episcopal Church said we should give the highest priority to the young in budget and programs. Clearly what we say and what we do are out of synch.
The young need to be integral to the House of Deputies, not just our
clients. I propose
| Resolved, the House of ___ concurring, that to Canon 1.1 be added a new section [k]: "For the General Conventions beginning in 2006 and continuing through 2021, each diocese must elect at least one deputy in each order who will be under 30 on the opening day of the convention." |
We need to raise up and follow more young leaders. Unless we end their disenfranchisement, the Episcopal Church runs a severe risk of becoming mainly a marriage and burial society.
See The Next Generation (Episcopalians born 1961 to 1981).
Executive Council spotted the same kind of discrepancy when implemented the 2020 initiatives sent to us by General Convention in 2000. The 2020 Movement proposes to double the membership of the Episcopal Church by the year 2020. It seemed logical to refer the initiative to The Standing Commission on Domestic Mission and Evangelism, yet the 16 members of Commission have an average age of 52.6, older than the 52.2 average of deputies to General Convention in 2003. The Commission also has only one a person of color (6.3%), only three who are female (19%) and one who is gay (6.3%). Aware of these demographics, in referring the 2020 initiative to the Commission, Executive Council insisted that members be added to the 2020 working group to make it much more representative. The 2020 working group now has 65 members, with an average age of 45. Thirty percent of the members are under 40, 32.3% are persons of color, and 50.8% are females, 13.8% are lesbigay.
The median age of a deputy in in 2003 is 55.5, in 2000 was 54.5, in 1997 was 53.1. The average age for clergy in 2003 is 53.4 (in 2000 was 51.1); and the average age for lay deputies in 2003 is 58.2 (in 2000 was 61.8). That is, lay deputies are on average almost 5 years older than clergy deputies. In 1997 the lay deputies averaged only six years older than clergy but in 2000 they averaged 10 years older. Note that the calculations for 2003 are based on more data for birthdays than I was able to gather for 2000 and 1997.
Only 34.7 percent of the lay deputies live in the state where they were born, compared with 37 percent in 2000 and 42 percent in 1997. Forty-nine percent of the lay deputies still live in the province where they were born, compared with 51 percent in 2000 and 47 percent in 1997. I have data on birthplaces for only 25.2 percent of the lay deputies but for 78.1 percent of the clergy.
Gender differences appear minimal regarding clergy moves from their place of birth:
Those who work in a state where they were not born:
Those who work in a province where not born:
all clergy:
69.1% in 2003, 55% in 2000
I do not have enough birth information on lay deputies to calculate a credible percent for those who were born outside the United States. 6.6% of the clergy were born outside the USA:
Click here to see a map of the
provinces.
Eleven percent of the clergy deputies have never married, and only 8.6% percent of the lay deputies.
Divorced: 4.8% of the clergy: 6.4% of the laity..
Deputies married to clergy
1.2 percent of the lay and 1.2 percent of the clergy deputies in 2003 are married to ECUSA priests. In 2000, 5 percent of the lay deputies were married to clergy persons (cf. 5.5% in 1997); and 2.8 percent of the clergy deputies were married to other clergy persons (cf. 1.7% in 1997).
Gay Marriages
The gay marriages that I know about are the ones that deputies
have risked telling me about. See the deputies
who have risked allowing me to list them as lesbian or gay. Undoubtedly
other lesbigay deputies choose to closet their life commitments and thereby
avoid stigma.
Only 11% of the deputies have never married, (Cf. 12.8% of all ECUSA clergy.) Only since the 1997 General Convention has Church Publishing Incorporated, publisher of both clerical and lay directories, allowed clergy to indicate a life partner of the same gender. The Lay Leadership Directory is no longer being published.
In 2000, 9.2% of the clergy were in second marriages, 2.7% of the laity, 8.0% of the males, and 5.6% of the females. In 1997 9.7% of the clergy, 3.68% of the lay, 8.91% of the male, and 5.99% of the female deputies were involved in second marriages.
In in 2003, the average clergy family with children has 2.2 children, in 2000 had 3.5 children, in 1997 had 2.35 children.
The largest family reported for 2003 is the family of a priest with 9 children, followed by two families each with 8 and 7 children, 7 families with 6 children, 11 families with 5 children. In 2000 the largest families were those of three lay deputies, with 10, 9, and 8 children, followed by two more lay deputy families of 6 each. In 1997 one clergy deputy had 12 children and the largest family reported by a lay deputy had 7 children.
In 2003 second marriages added and average of 2 children, compared with and average of 1.3 children added by second marriages in 2000, and an average of only .8 children added by second marriages in 1997.
In 2003, nine percent of the clerical deputies have a parent who is also clergy. In 2000, 13.45% of the priests were children of priests..
The percent of all clergy who are children of clergy is much lower. Of clergy in the Clerical Directory:
5.3% of all male clergy are the children of priests
2.1% of all female clergy are the children of priests.
In 2000 I reported that of the deputies whose ages I know (68.4%), younger deputies are almost 12% more likely to have email than are older deputies. With email use overall at 92.2% in 2003, that age distinction no longer holds. Of the deputies under 40, 8 percent do not have email addresses in 2003, whereas only 2.6 percent of deputies 40+ do not have email addresses.
In 2003 16.4% of the clergy deputies had earned a doctorate; cf 13.6% in 2000, 12% in 1997.
18.4 percent of the male clergy deputies earned a doctorate in 2003 compared with 10.1 percent of the female clergy deputies. Review a list of all deputies known to have a doctorate.
Compare these figures with those for all ECUSA clergy. Of 16,811 persons listed in the 1998 Episcopal Clerical Directory, the following have "terminal degrees":
7.0% ThD
5.7% PhD
4.1% D.Min
See fuller analysis in my 1998 report of all Episcopal Clergy
See totals of degrees granted to deputies by all institutions in alphabetical order and in order of the number of degrees conferred.
Sixteen institutions conferred ten or more degrees reported by deputies
to the Episcopal Clerical Directory and to the Lay Leadership
Directory. The degrees awarded by these 16 institutions constitute
33% of all degrees reported. Witness deputy portions for these sixteen
institutions:
| 1997 | 2000 |
|
|
|---|---|---|---|
| VTS | 68 | 81 |
|
| GTS | 62 | 53 |
|
| USo |
|
|
|
| Nashotah | 45 | 42 |
|
| SWTS | 35 | 35 |
|
| CDSP | 44 | 35 |
|
| EDS |
|
|
|
| ETSS | 15 | 17 |
|
| Yale |
|
|
|
| Harvard | 16 | 21 |
|
| Bexley Hall | 12 | 11 | |
| Indiana U |
|
|
|
| TESM |
|
|
|
| ETS | 17 | 11 |
|
| Berk/Ya | 14 | 17 |
|
| Fl State |
|
|
|
| PDS | 14 | 12 |
|
| Emory |
|
|
|
| UTS | 7 | 9 |
|
We have information regarding degrees for 63 percent of the deputies; of these, 10% graduated from Ivy League universities (compared with 11% in 2000 and 8% in 1997). As in 1997 and 2000, male deputies are more likely to have studied at an Ivy League university than are female deputies, 7% to 4% in 2003, 12.8% to 8.6% in 2000, 9% to 4.3% in 1997.
Honor Societies: Phi Beta Kappa & Phi Kappa Phi
Of the deputies for whom we have graduation data, 3.8% (vs. 3.4% in 2000, 4.26% in 1997) graduated as members of Phi Beta Kappa & Phi Kappa Phi -- two major honors societies in USA higher education. See the full list of all ECUSA clergy in Phi Beta Kappa. See the Phi Beta Kappa FAQ and the Phi Kappa Phi FAQ.
Clergy deputies are almost twice as likely to be members of these honor societies than are clergy at large -- 3.1% of the clergy deputies in 2003 vs. 1.5% of the 17,118 persons listed in the 2001 Clerical Directory.
In 2003, 2.8% of male deputies are members of one of these two honor
societies, compared with 1.9% of the female deputies. That reverses the
pattern of the last two General Conventions. In 2000 4.5%, and in 1997,
5.67% of the female deputies were members, vs males at 2.9% in 2000 and
3.81% in 1997.
10.6% (vs. 11.8% in 2000 and 13% in 1997) of all lay deputies are known to be lawyers, and that figure is likely much higher, since only 32.6% of the lay deputies provided education data to the 1998 Lay Leadership Directory, from which I identified many, but not all of the lawyers. 17.6% of all diocesan chancellors are in the House in 2003, compared with 18.4% in 2000. Twenty-five percent of current diocesan chancellors have served as a deputy at least once in 1997, 2000, or 2003.
Eleven clergy deputies (2.3%) earned law degrees, compared with six (1.26%) in 2000. Twelve bishops (3.8%) earned law degrees, six of whom are active diocesans.
Three percent of the persons in last issue the Lay Leadership Directory (1998) list law degrees, as do 1.9 percent of the persons in the Clerical Directory. See the names of all ECUSA leaders who list law degrees.
We do not have adequate information on publications by lay deputies. The 1998 Lay Leadership Directory is much less comprehensive than its clerical counterpart. Only one percent of the lay leaders indicate that they have authored publications; of that one percent, 4% are deputies. Lay persons listing service as a deputy or alternate also comprise only 4% of the same edition of the Lay Leadership Directory.
I have not monitored publications of individual deputies.
Of all deputies in 2003, 18% were currently serving on Standing
Committee, according to the 2002 Episcopal Church Annual (cf. 17.8%
2000. Only 16% of the female deputies serve on Standing Committees,
compared with 18.7% of the male deputies on Standing Committee (cf. to
2000, with 15% females to 21% males). Clergy deputies
(22.3% in 2003; 23% in 2000) are more likely also be serving on Standing
Committees than are lay deputies (13% in 2003; 14% in 2000), although Standing
Committee and the House of Deputies are divided equally among clergy and
lay.
As noted earlier, 14.6% of all diocesan chancellors are in the House in 2003.
Of all persons serving on interim bodies during the triennium 2000-2003 (excluding bishops), 37.7% have been elected deputy to General Convention in 2003 (cf. 37.5% of those elected as deputies in 2000) .
15.7 percent of all deputies to General Convention in 2003 currently serve on interim bodies (cf. 14% in 2000). Only 14% of the clergy deputies serve on interim bodies, compared with 18% of the lay deputies (cf. 10.4% vs 17% in 2000).
Excluding bishops, 57.5% of the members of interim bodies are lay, 42.5% are clergy (in 2000, 61% lay, 39% clergy).
15% of the male deputies serve currently on interim bodies, compared with 16.8% of the female deputies. In 2000: 12% of the males, 17% of the females.
Excluding bishops, males are 57% and females only 43% of those who currently serve on interim bodies (in 2000, 55% male and 45% female).
Memberships
I have not broken the code on the 2001 Clerical Directory and
thus have not invested the days of extra work that it would take to track
down this information for 488 clerical deputies. It is unlikely
that they would shift dramatically in percentages from those reported for
the deputies in 2000, based on the 1998 Clerical Directory:
| Organization | % all clergy | % deputy clergy |
|---|---|---|
| Society of St. John the Evangelist, Associate | 1.3% | 2.8% |
| Associated Parishes | 0.7% | 2.6% |
| Order of Holy Cross, Associate | 2.4% | 2.6% |
| Society of Holy Cross | 0.8% | 1.9% |
| Episcopal Women's Caucus | 0.4% | 1.7% |
| Order of St. Luke, Associate | 2.8% | 1.7% |
| Episcopal Society for Ministry in Higher Education | 0.6% | 1.3% |
| Union of Black Episcopalians | 0.3% | 1.3% |
| Association of Diocesan Liturgy & Music Commissions | 0.3% | 1.1% |
| Confraternity of the Blessed Sacrament | 0.9% | 1.1% |
| Episcopal Peace Fellowship | 0.6% | 1.1% |
| North American Association for the Diaconate | 2.0% | 1.1% |
| Order of St. Helena, Associate | 0.3% | 1.1% |
| Sisterhood of the Holy Nativity | 0.3% | 1.1% |
| Brotherhood of St. Andrew | 0.7% | 0.9% |
| Episcopal Synod of America | 0.5% | 0.9% |
| Rural Workers Fellowship | 0.4% | 0.9% |
| American Association of Pastoral Counselors | 1.2% | 0.6% |
| American Academy of Religion | 0.6% | 0.6% |
| Catholic Clerical Union | 0.5% | 0.6% |
| Daughters of the King | 0.3% | 0.6% |
| Episcopal Renewal Ministries | 0.4% | 0.6% |
| Evangelical Education Society | 0.4% | 0.6% |
| NOEL | 0.3% | 0.6% |
| Society of the Companions of the Holy Cross | 0.2% | 0.6% |
| American Anglican Council | 0.1% | 0.4% |
| Association for Clinical Pastoral Education | 0.9% | 0.4% |
| Catholic Fellowship | 0.3% | 0.4% |
| Community of the Holy Spirit, Associate | 0.4% | 0.4% |
| Community of St. John the Baptist, Associate | 0.1% | 0.4% |
| Cursillo | 0.3% | 0.4% |
| Episcopal Society for Ministry with the Aging | 0.3% | 0.4% |
| Integrity | 0.2% | 0.4% |
| Order of St. Benedict | 0.5% | 0.4% |
| Society of Mary | 0.6% | 0.4% |
| Society of St. Margaret, Associate | 0.3% | 0.4% |
| American Association for Marriage and Family Therapy | 0.4% | 0.2% |
| Assembly of Episcopal Hospitals and Chaplains | 0.4% | 0.2% |
| Alban Institute | 0.3% | 0.2% |
| Episcopalians United | 0.2% | 0.2% |
| Fellowship of College Chaplains | 0.3% | 0.2% |
| GEM | 0.3% | 0.2% |
| Interim Ministry | 0.3% | 0.2% |
| National Association for Self-Supporting Active Ministry | 0.2% | 0.2% |
| Society of Biblical Literature | 0.7% | 0.2% |
| SEAD | 0.1% | 0.2% |
| Spiritual Directors | 0.1% | 0.2% |
| Society of Saint Paul | 0.2% | 0.2% |
Most clergy do not take the time to fill out this information when they complete their entries for the directory, and some do not want to invade their own privacy by announcing memberships to the whole world. Many are aware that the Clerical Directory is often used by persons on search committees and others who review their choices.
I have restricted my report of memberships to the clergy, for theirs
are better documented. The Lay Leadership Directory is much
too sparse for any quantification of membership listings there to have
value.
If deputies would like for me to post specialized lists for of other
groups, please identify those deputies (see the
full list of deputies and mail to me at lcrew@andromeda.rutgers.edu)
|
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| ECUSA Overall |
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| All Deputies |
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| Lay Deputies |
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| Clergy Males |
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| Clergy Females |
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| Deputies of Color |
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| Clergy Deputies of Color |
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| Lay Deputies of Color |
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| Deputies under 40 |
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| Clergy Deputies under 40 |
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| Lay Deputies under 40 |
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Dioceses elect more deputies from larger congregations than from smaller ones. Only clergy females minister in congregations of a size that nearly matches the size of ECUSA congregations overall.
Lay deputies choose where they minister: clergy are chosen by
the parish. Lay deputies choose congregations nearly twice the size
of the congregations of most Episcopalians.
Parish size for 2000 is based on data for 1997 in the 1999 Episcopal Church Annual, and congregation size for 2003 is based on the data for 2000 in the 2002 Episcopal Church Annual -- i.e., data is always for the period two years before it is published.
The average parish size of deputies is slightly smaller parishes in 2003, average 524 compared with 531 in 2000 and 466 in 1997. The graph above compares the size of the parish of deputies in 2003 with their parish size in 2000 whether or not they were a deputy in 2000. That is why some of the numbers for 2000 in the graph do not match those reported for deputies in 2000.
Note: Lay deputies, who have more choice in their parishes, belong to larger parishes than do clergy.
See additional documentation, with maps, in my cyber articles The Small
Church (at
http://newark.rutgers.edu/~lcrew/smallchu.html)
and All Episcopal Churches in the U.S.A. Reporting 1,000+ Members (at
http://rci.rutgers.edu/~lcrew/biggest.html).
The latter also reports 'average Sunday attendance,' which most researchers
believe to be more reliable than communicant numbers as an indicator of
the size of parish. Unfortunately attendance data is not yet
readily available for all parishes of the deputies. See also Quean
Lutibelle's Book of Numbers-- a post-mortem on the Decade of Evangelism
(1990-2000)
| Resolved,
the House of Bishops concurring, That the members of the 73rd General Convention
intend for this Church to provide a safe and just structure in which all
can utilize their gifts and creative energies for mission, and be
it further
Resolved, We acknowledge that while the issues of human sexuality are not yet resolved, there are currently couples in the Body of Christ and in this Church who are living in marriage and couples in the Body of Christ and in this Church who are living in other life-long committed relationships, and be it further Resolved, We expect such relationships will be characterized by fidelity, monogamy, mutual affection and respect, careful, honest communication, and the holy love which enables those in such relationships to see in each other the image of God, and be it further Resolved, We denounce promiscuity, exploitation and abusiveness in the relationships of any of our members, and be it further Resolved, This Church intends to hold all its members accountable to these values, and will provide for them the prayerful support, encouragement and pastoral care necessary to live faithfully by them, and be it further Resolved, We acknowledge that some, acting in good conscience, who disagree with the traditional teaching of the Church on human sexuality, will act in contradiction to that position, and be it further Resolved, That in continuity with previous actions of the General Convention of this Church, and in response to the call for dialogue by the Lambeth Conference, we affirm that those on various sides of controversial issues have a place in the Church, and we reaffirm the imperative to promote conversation between persons of differing experiences and perspectives, while acknowledging the Church's teaching on the sanctity of marriage. |
These seven resolves passed in both houses by a voice vote.
The original version of D039 contained an 8th resolution about liturgy for for unions other than marriage. In a vote by orders, the clergy passed the 8th Resolve: 55Y, 34N, and 19 Divided. The lay vote was 51Y, 39N, and 17 Divided. Divided votes count as negatives, so the 8th Resolve passed by 2 votes in the clergy order and failed by 5 votes in the lay order. See the tallies of each deputation .
Bishop
Clark Grew of Ohio, re-introduced it in the House of Bishops,
| Resolved, that desiring to support relationships of mutuality and fidelity other than marriage which mediate the grace of God, the 73rd General Convention directs the Standing Commission on Liturgy and Music to prepare for consideration by the 74th General Convention rites for inclusion in the Book of Occasional Services by means of which the Church may express that support |
The bishops defeated the resolve by a vote of 63Y, 85N, 4 abst.
(See the
full tally of the Bishops' votes on the Grew Amendment and on
the entire resolution .)
On the basis of D039 and their own consciences many dioceses (e.g., Delaware, Los Angeles, Newark, Pennsylvania, Vermont, Washington, .....) have begun to bless gay and relationships, some more quietly than others. Citing D039 as support, the Bishop of Kansas has authorized the blessing of heterosexual relationships as well has lesbigay relationships of couples who do not seek marriage but are living together with commitments.. In addition, the Diocese of New Westminster in Canada has authorized the blessing of same-sex unions and the Diocese of Ottawa has suggested that it will do so soon. Claiming the Blessing has organized as a coalition of persons and group supporting the passage of same-sex unions at General Convention in 2003; the group plans a conference in St. Louis on November 7-9, 2002.
40.8% of the deputies in 2003 will be serving for the first time.
We don't know how they will vote, or how the returning deputies will vote.
.
|
The Vote in 2000:
|
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| Clergy Deputies in 2000 |
|
|
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| Lay Deputies in 2000 |
|
|
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| New Clergy Deputies in deputations which voted in 2000: |
|
|
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| New Lay Deputies in deputations which voted in 2000: |
|
|
|
| Returning Clergy Deputies in deputations which voted in 2000: |
|
|
|
| Returning Lay Deputies in deputations which voted in 2000: |
|
|
|
Even with returning deputies, we do not know how an individual voted, as the vote 'for' may have been 3-1 or 4-0, and the vote against may have been 1-3 or 0-4. Also we do not know which deputies of the divided order in a deputation were re-elected.
There are many other unknowns that could affect how the initiative will fare when it comes to the floor of General Convention in Minneapolis:
In 1997 the major action on lesbigay issues for which we had a recorded
vote was the vote on C002:
Resolved, the House of ________ concurring, That this 72nd General Convention direct the Standing Liturgical Commission to develop, after critical study of pertinent rites already in use by faith communities, a rite or rites for the blessing of committed relationships between persons of the same sex, and to present such forms to the 73rd General Convention for inclusion in the Book of Occasional Services.In a vote by orders, that resolution lost by only one vote in each order.
Four dioceses that voted uniformly against lesbigays in both orders in 1997 were no longer part of ECUSA in 2000 but joined Costa Rica in creating the new Church of the Province of Central America: El Salvador, Guatemala, Nicaragua, and Panama. If in 2000 every diocese had voted the same way that it voted in 1997, the 8th Resolve of D039 would have passed by a significant amount. That did not happen. Clearly the deputies in 2000 were influenced by the appeals of the Lambeth Conference of 1998, by numerous threats of departure if the resolution had passed, and by then a new Presiding Bishop who called for a fallow time regarding legislation. (See ENS's report on the March 1999 House of Bishops Meeting, http://ecusa.anglican.org/ens/99-015.html.
See Changing the Church, my detailed history of lesbigay issues in the Episcopal Church, published on the eve of the 1997 General Convention.
7.7% of the deputies are not married; 7.1% of the chairs are not married. In 2000 and 1997, 10 percent of the deputies were not married; in 2000, 6 percent of the chairs were not married, and in 1997, 8 percent of the chairs were not married.
Deputies of color constitute 12.4 twelve percent of the
House (up from 12.0% in 2000 and 8.6% in 1997). 13.3% of the deputation
chairs are persons of color, compared with only 5% in 2000 and 9% in 1997
General Convention is a bicameral legislative body sometimes compared
with U.S. Congress -- both created in the second half of the 18th Century..
There are some radical structural differences, however.
Since dioceses differ radically in size, deputies are not evenly distributed throughout the church membership. Under this system of disproportional representation, the Diocese of Virginia, the domestic diocese with the most communicants, has only one deputy for every 8,790 communicants, yet North Dakota, our smallest diocese (excluding Navajoland), has one deputy for every 234 communicants. Each deputy from Virginia represents 37.6 times as many communicants as does a deputy from North Dakota.
In 2000 and in 1997 the Diocese of Texas was our biggest diocese. In 2000 Texas had one deputy for every 7,717 communicants, and North Dakota had one for every 186 communicants. In 1997 Texas had one deputy for every 6,885 communicants, and North Dakota one deputy for every 211 communicants.
Possibly this system explains why General Convention took fifty years
longer to enact women's suffrage than did the U.S. congress. Forty-four
percent of the African American deputies serve in the 25 dioceses
most under-represented -- i.e., the dioceses that would stand to gain the
most in representation if the system were made just.
| Diocese | Communicants | Per deputy |
|---|---|---|
| Virginia | 70,323 | 8,790 |
| Texas | 69,021 | 8,628 |
| Massachusetts | 60,042 | 7,505 |
| Los Angeles | 54,460 | 6,808 |
| Connecticut | 52,661 | 6,583 |
| New York | 46,616 | 5,827 |
| Atlanta | 45,462 | 5,683 |
| Pennsylvania | 44,123 | 5,515 |
| Long Island | 44,036 | 5,505 |
| North Carolina | 39,868 | 4,984 |
| New Jersey | 39,125 | 4,891 |
| Maryland | 36,881 | 4,610 |
| Chicago | 36,297 | 4,537 |
| Dallas | 34,708 | 4,339 |
| Central Florida | 34,234 | 4,279 |
| Washington | 31,823 | 3,978 |
| Southwest Florida | 31,723 | 3,965 |
| Southeast Florida | 30,038 | 3,755 |
| Alabama | 29,546 | 3,693 |
| Southern Virginia | 28,567 | 3,571 |
| Colorado | 27,852 | 3,482 |
| Newark | 27,745 | 3,468 |
| Florida | 27,454 | 3,432 |
| Olympia | 25,985 | 3,248 |
| Ohio | 25,902 | 3,238 |
| Arizona | 24,890 | 3,111 |
| California | 24,119 | 3,015 |
| Michigan | 24,107 | 3,013 |
| Minnesota | 23,863 | 2,983 |
| Upper South Carolina | 22,940 | 2,868 |
| West Texas | 22,868 | 2,859 |
| South Carolina | 22,012 | 2,752 |
| Southern Ohio | 20,232 | 2,529 |
| Rhode Island | 19,098 | 2,387 |
| San Diego | 18,473 | 2,309 |
| Mississippi | 18,079 | 2,260 |
| Central Gulf Coast | 17,964 | 2,246 |
| Oregon | 17,636 | 2,205 |
| Pittsburgh | 16,607 | 2,076 |
| Northern California | 16,037 | 2,005 |
| Central New York | 15,870 | 1,984 |
| Oklahoma | 15,788 | 1,974 |
| Louisiana | 15,531 | 1,941 |
| Albany | 15,450 | 1,931 |
| Georgia | 15,308 | 1,914 |
| East Carolina | 15,177 | 1,897 |
| Fort Worth | 14,828 | 1,854 |
| East Tennessee | 14,499 | 1,812 |
| Western Massachusetts | 14,340 | 1,793 |
| Western North Carolina | 14,174 | 1,772 |
| ---This is the midpoint--- | ||
| New Hampshire | 13,499 | 1,687 |
| Missouri | 13,338 | 1,667 |
| Central Pennsylvania | 13,260 | 1,658 |
| Rio Grande | 13,142 | 1,643 |
| Kansas | 13,017 | 1,627 |
| Western New York | 12,757 | 1,595 |
| El Camino Real | 12,714 | 1,589 |
| Tennessee | 12,329 | 1,541 |
| Bethlehem | 12,177 | 1,522 |
| Milwaukee | 11,902 | 1,488 |
| Maine | 11,610 | 1,451 |
| Arkansas | 11,570 | 1,446 |
| Western Louisiana | 11,366 | 1,421 |
| Southwestern Virginia | 11,314 | 1,414 |
| Western Michigan | 11,010 | 1,376 |
| Rochester | 10,627 | 1,328 |
| West Missouri | 10,438 | 1,305 |
| Delaware | 10,022 | 1,253 |
| Indianapolis | 9,766 | 1,221 |
| Iowa | 9,324 | 1,166 |
| Vermont | 9,057 | 1,132 |
| San Joaquin | 8,963 | 1,120 |
| Nebraska | 8,695 | 1,087 |
| Kentucky | 8,507 | 1,063 |
| Eastern Michigan | 8,477 | 1,060 |
| West Virginia | 8,396 | 1,050 |
| Hawaii | 8,137 | 1,017 |
| Northwest Texas | 8,115 | 1,014 |
| Lexington | 7,762 | 970 |
| Easton | 7,217 | 902 |
| Wyoming | 7,159 | 895 |
| Spokane | 7,020 | 878 |
| South Dakota | 5,926 | 741 |
| Northern Indiana | 5,890 | 736 |
| Montana | 5,587 | 698 |
| Springfield | 5,442 | 680 |
| Utah | 5,393 | 674 |
| West Tennessee | 5,297 | 662 |
| Idaho | 4,804 | 601 |
| Northwestern Pa | 4,671 | 584 |
| Fond du Lac | 4,627 | 578 |
| Nevada | 4,544 | 568 |
| Alaska | 4,449 | 556 |
| Eastern Oregon | 2,761 | 345 |
| Quincy | 2,630 | 329 |
| Western Kansas | 2,374 | 297 |
| Eau Claire | 2,123 | 265 |
| North Dakota | 1,872 | 234 |
| Northern Michigan | 1,655 | 207 |
| Navajoland | 729 | 91 |
| Average: | 18,394 | 2,322 |
The mean lies between Western North Carolina and New Hampshire.
The average size per diocese is 18,578 communicants, but 66% of the dioceses do not reach that average, and thus had more than a proportional share of deputies..
Related links:
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| African Americans | 4.8% | 17.8% | 11.2% | 10.0% | 9.3% | 0.0% | 2.5% | 2.5% |
| Asian Americans | 0.0% | 1.4% | 0.0% | 0.5% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.8% | 3.1% |
| Hispanic/Latino Americans | 0.0% | 2.7% | 1.7% | 1.5% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 3.4% | 6.3% |
| Native Hawaiians & Native Americans | 1.6% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 1.0% | 0.7% | 11.5% | 0.0% | 5.0% |
| females | 42.9% | 43.8% | 41.4% | 32.0% | 43.6% | 41.0% | 28.8% | 38.8% |
| lesbigays | 6.3% | 2.7% | 1.7% | 0.0% | 0.7% | 1.3% | 0.0% | 4.4% |
| Voted for D39 | 84.1% | 52.1% | 51.7% | 22.5% | 67.9% | 50.0% | 21.2% | 77.5% |
| Those who have doctorates | 28.6% | 13.7% | 19.8% | 16.5% | 12.9% | 10.3% | 6.8% | 9.4% |
| Ivy League Graduates | 14.3% | 13.7% | 6.0% | 5.5% | 4.3% | 9.0% | 2.5% | 5.0% |
| lawyers | 4.8% | 5.5% | 7.8% | 9.5% | 5.0% | 10.3% | 3.4% | 6.3% |
| those not married | 7.9% | 9.6% | 7.8% | 3.5% | 12.9% | 9.0% | 8.5% | 6.9% |
| under thirty | 3% | 3% | 3% | 2% | 1% | 3% | 1% | 3% |
* At time of being compiled, deputations are not known yet from Bethlehem and Navajoland.
Click here to see a map of the provinces.
| Clergy Order | |
|---|---|
| male | 75.0% |
| female | 25.0% |
| Lay Order | |
| male | 38.9% |
| female | 61.1% |
7.3% of the deputies are African American (cf. 8% in 2000, 5% in 1997), yet in the US Census for 2000, African Americans were 12.3% of the United States, up from 12.1% 1990. (I have not yet been able to locate data to show what per cent of Episcopalians are African American. Please contact me if you can point to official data.)
Dr. King used to speak of 11 o'clock on Sunday morning as the most segregated hour in America. In many places, many of us have learned to worship together, but 7 o'clock on Saturday night remains as a big problem. Few have yet learned to share our lives with one another across racial barriers. (Deputy Marge Christie)See my elaborate analysis of racial patterns in deputies' zip codes in my report on the 1997 House of Deputies. I have not collected residential zip codes for deputies in 2003.
Seventeen states (34%) have higher than national average of African Americans (12.3%). Some have done a better job of electing African American deputies and first alternates to General Convention than have others:
(Note: Not all states have an equal number of deputies, nor are all dioceses within the boundaries of any one state. 'State' here means the state in which the deputy resides, not necessarily the state of the See.)
| State | African Americans in State | African American Deputies | Deputies of Color |
|---|---|---|---|
| DC | 60.0% | 12.50% | 12.5% |
| MS | 36.3% | 10.00% | 10.0% |
| LA | 32.5% | 10.00% | 15.0% |
| SC | 29.5% | 15.00% | 15.0% |
| GA | 28.7% | 20.00% | 30.0% |
| MD | 27.9% | 15.00% | 15.0% |
| AL | 26.0% | 10.00% | 10.0% |
| NC | 21.6% | 10.00% | 10.0% |
| VA | 19.6% | 10.00% | 13.3% |
| DE | 19.2% | 30.00% | 40.0% |
| TN | 16.4% | 3.30% | 10.0% |
| NY | 15.9% | 17.00% | 20.8% |
| AR | 15.7% | 0.00% | 0.0% |
| IL | 15.1% | 7.70% | 7.7% |
| FL | 14.6% | 6.00% | 8.0% |
| MI | 14.2% | 7.50% | 7.5% |
| NJ | 13.6% | 20.00% | 20.0% |
| All states above have more than the national average (12.3%) of African Americans | |||
| TX | 11.5% | 4.20% | 12.5% |
| OH | 11.5% | 22.20% | 22.2% |
| MO | 11.2% | 10.00% | 10.0% |
| PA | 10.0% | 7.90% | 7.9% |
| CT | 9.1% | 0.00% | 10.0% |
| IN | 8.4% | 10.00% | 10.0% |
| OK | 7.6% | 0.00% | 0.0% |
| KY | 7.3% | 10.00% | 10.0% |
| NV | 6.8% | 0.00% | 0.0% |
| CA | 6.7% | 0.00% | 18.3% |
| KS | 5.7% | 0.00% | 0.0% |
| WI | 5.7% | 3.80% | 7.7% |
| MA | 5.4% | 16.70% | 16.7% |
| RI | 4.5% | 0.00% | 0.0% |
| NE | 4.0% | 0.00% | 0.0% |
| CO | 3.8% | 0.00% | 0.0% |
| MN | 3.5% | 0.00% | 10.0% |
| AK | 3.5% | 20.00% | 50.0% |
| WA | 3.2% | 0.00% | 10.0% |
| WV | 3.2% | 0.00% | 0.0% |
| AZ | 3.1% | 10.00% | 20.0% |
| IA | 2.1% | 0.00% | 0.0% |
| NM | 1.9% | 0.00% | 0.0% |
| HI | 1.8% | 10.00% | 40.0% |
| OR | 1.6% | 0.00% | 5.3% |
| UT | 0.8% | 0.00% | 0.0% |
| WY | 0.8% | 0.00% | 0.0% |
| NH | 0.7% | 0.00% | 0.0% |
| SD | 0.6% | 0.00% | 40.0% |
| ND | 0.6% | 0.00% | 20.0% |
| ME | 0.5% | 0.00% | 0.0% |
| VT | 0.5% | 0.00% | 0.0% |
| ID | 0.4% | 0.00% | 0.0% |
| MT | 0.3% | 0.00% | 0.0% |
White
Privilege:
Some patterns linger generation after generation.
In nine states, dioceses elected a proportion of African American deputies
more than 10 percent under the portions of African Americans in the state
population. All two of the nine (78%) states were members of the Confederacy.
The two Yankee areas that were just as bad were Maryland and the District
of Columbia.
| State | African Americans in State | African American Deputies | Difference |
|---|---|---|---|
| DC | 60.0% | 12.50% | -47.5% |
| MS | 36.3% | 10.00% | -26.3% |
| LA | 32.5% | 10.00% | -22.5% |
| AL | 26.0% | 10.00% | -16.0% |
| AR | 15.7% | 0.00% | -15.7% |
| SC | 29.5% | 15.00% | -14.5% |
| TN | 16.4% | 3.30% | -13.1% |
| MD | 27.9% | 15.00% | -12.9% |
| NC | 21.6% | 10.00% | -11.6% |
In 2000: of 10 states with the -12 percent or lower under-proportionate presence of African Americans, 8 of them were a part of the Confederacy.
In 1997 of the 12 states with the -10 percent or lower under-proportionate presence of African Americans, 9 of them were a part of the Confederacy.
The systems of white privilege remain intact in ECUSA.
Better news:
In ten states dioceses elected elected African American deputies in percentages equal to or greater than African Americans appear in the state population. Of those, only Kentucky was a member of the Confederacy.
(In 2000 in twelve states dioceses elected equal to or greater than
the proportion within their population, and in 1997 dioceses in only nine
states did.)
| State | African Americans in State | African American Deputies | Difference |
|---|---|---|---|
| AK | 3.5% | 20.00% | 16.5% |
| MA | 5.4% | 16.70% | 11.3% |
| DE | 19.2% | 30.00% | 10.8% |
| OH | 11.5% | 22.20% | 10.7% |
| HI | 1.8% | 10.00% | 8.2% |
| AZ | 3.1% | 10.00% | 6.9% |
| NJ | 13.6% | 20.00% | 6.4% |
| KY | 7.3% | 10.00% | 2.7% |
| IN | 8.4% | 10.00% | 1.6% |
| NY | 15.9% | 17.00% | 1.1% |
See the lists of deputies of color.
See my report on Black priests in ECUSA.
Ethnic issues are noted in many other sections of this report, especially rank, size of deputy congregations, provincial patterns, clergy ordination patterns, assignments, commissions, committees, and boards.
Deputies who are priests averaged 13.9 months (424 days) .85 of a year, or 309 days, between being made a deacon and being made a priest. In 2000 the interval was 10.1 months (309 days) and in 1997 was 10 months (304 days).
Priest who are deputies have served an average of 19.7 years since being priested.
Deacons who are deputies have served an average of 12.4 years since being ordained.
Male clerical deputies have served on average 21.6 years since being
priested.
Female clerical deputies have served on average 13.9 years since being
priested.
Clerical deputies of color have served on average 19.4 years since
being priested.
(In 2000, for 3.1% the interval was under 6 months, for 77.3% was 6 months to a year, for 15.9% was 1-2 years, for 1.1% was 2-3 years, and for 2.6% was over 3 years.)
Male deputies moved from the diaconate to priesthood in an average of
9.7 months, a shorter interval than the 11.5 months for females
and the 14.3 months for deputies of color:
There are 16 Canons to the Ordinary in the House.
In addition to the vicars, there are 7 who are "priest-in-charge" and three more who are "interim" and four who are "curate." Nine have 'non-stipendiary' or 'non-parochial' in their self-descriptions. Three indicate that they are "retired" (compared with an uncounted but likely large number of retired laity, given the greater number of laity who are old.).
8 have the word "missioner" in their titles.
| All | Males | Females | Clergy of Color | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Canons & Archdeacons | 8.7% | 9.1% | 7.3% | 5.8% |
| Deans | 3.7% | 4.7% | 0.0% | 0.0% |
| Deacons | 3.5% | 1.9% | 8.1% | 3.8% |
| Other | 9.5% | 7.5% | 16.1% | 9.6% |
| Vicars | 8.0% | 6.9% | 11.3% | 21.2% |
| Associates | 4.3% | 3.0% | 8.1% | 9.6% |
| Rectors | 62.3% | 66.8% | 49.2% | 50.0% |
It is clear that white clergy males have fewer positions at the lower end of the ecclesiastical hierarchy -- as vicars, assistants, deacons, and 'other'
"The first shall be last and the last shall be first." -- J. Carpenter
Interim bodies are known variously as commissions, committees, and boards. See the official listing of memberships.
Only 15% of the deputies elected for 2003 were serving on interim bodies for the 2000-2003 triennium. Only 13% elected for 2000 were serving on interim bodies, and only 10% of those elected in 1997.
With reference to interim bodies functioning between 2000 and 2003, and with reference to deputies elected to serve in 2003:
17.7% of the lay deputies currently serve on interim bodies; in 2000,
16.6% did.
13.7% 10.0% the clergy deputies currently serve on interim bodies;
in 2000, 10% did..
Typically have of the members of interim bodies are ordained; the presence of bishops fills out the ordained half.
15.0% of male deputies currently serve on interim bodies (17.2% in 2000).
16.8% of female deputies currently serve on interim bodies (10.9% in
2000).
29% of deputies of color currently serve on interim bodies (21.8% in
2000).
13.8% of the Caucasian deputies currently serve on interim bodies (12.1%
in 2000).
Note: Membership on many commissions, committees, and boards is by appointment, but not on all, such as Executive Council, the Board of General Seminary, The Board of the Church Pension Fund, and others, where the membership is elected.
Most appointments are for two triennia, staggered so that half the membership returns and half is new at the beginning of a new triennium.
Ms. Pam Chinnis made the deputy appointments for six-year terms that will end at Convention in 2003. Dean George Werner made all other current appointments of deputies, and the Presiding Bishop made the appointments of Bishops.
New appointments to interim bodies are usually made in the late fall or early winder following General Convention..
Legislative committees serve during General Convention. All proposed legislation is assigned to an appropriate legislative committee. Committees typically hold hearings on and draft the final versions of all legislation considered on the floor of General Convention, responding to proposals from dioceses, deputies, bishops, and interim bodies.
66% of all deputies were appointed to committees; (cf. 62% in 2000).
89% of all who have been deputies 4+ times were appointed.
92% of all third-time deputies were appointed (cf. 83% in 2000)
67% of all second-time deputies were appointed (cf. 79% in 2000)
41% of all first-time deputies were appointed (cf. 33% in 2000)
84% of all deputies of color were appointed (cf 77% in 2000)
69% of all female deputies were appointed (cf. 64% in 2000)
64% of all male deputies were appointed (cf. 60% in 2000)
68% of all Province 1 deputies were appointed (cf. 61% in 2000).
69% of all Province 2* deputies were appointed (cf. 72% in 2000).
73% of all Province 3 deputies were appointed (cf. 67% in 2000).
66% of all Province 4 deputies were appointed (cf. 65% in 2000).
67% of all Province 5 deputies were appointed (cf. 65% in 2000).
69% of all Province 6 deputies were appointed (cf. 58% in 2000).
61% of all Province 7 deputies were appointed (cf. 54% in 2000).
65% of all Province 8* deputies were appointed (cf. 57% in 2000).
33% of all Province 9 deputies were appointed (cf. the same percent in 2000)
43% of all Province X* deputies were appointed (cf. 52% in 2000)
*I use Province X to indicate Prov. 2 deputies in VI, Europe, and Haiti and Prov. 8 deputies in Taiwan
66% of the clergy and 66% of the laity were appointed (not monitored in 2000
82% of all first deputies (c1 or l1) were appointed (not monitored in
2000
76% of all second deputies (c2 or l2) were appointed (not monitored in
2000
59% of all third deputies (c3 or l3) were appointed (not monitored in
2000
46% of all fourth deputies (c4 or l4) were appointed (not monitored in
2000
72% of all out lesbian and gay deputies were appointed
(not monitored in 2000)
74% of all deputies in their 30s were appointed
(not monitored in 2000)
88% of all deputies under thirty were appointed
(not monitored in 2000)
| Alabama | 63% | Alaska | 75% | Albany | 63% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arizona | 50% | Arkansas | 50% | Atlanta | 63% |
| Bethlehem | 75% | California | 88% | Central Florida | 63% |
| Central Gulf Coast | 75% | Central New York | 63% | Central Pennsylvania | 63% |
| Chicago | 63% | Colorado | 75% | Connecticut | 63% |
| Dallas | 75% | Delaware | 75% | East Carolina | 75% |
| East Tennessee | 50% | Eastern Michigan | 50% | Eastern Oregon | 75% |
| Easton | 63% | Eau Claire | 75% | El Camino Real | 63% |
| Florida | 75% | Fond du Lac | 75% | Fort Worth | 75% |
| Georgia | 75% | Hawaii | 63% | Idaho | 75% |
| Indianapolis | 63% | Iowa | 63% | Kansas | 63% |
| Kentucky | 63% | Lexington | 50% | Long Island | 75% |
| Los Angeles | 63% | Louisiana | 75% | Maine | 75% |
| Maryland | 63% | Massachusetts | 75% | Michigan | 75% |
| Milwaukee | 63% | Minnesota | 75% | Mississippi | 75% |
| Missouri | 63% | Montana | 63% | Navajoland | 100% |
| Nebraska | 75% | Nevada | 50% | New Hampshire | 75% |
| New Jersey | 75% | New York | 63% | Newark | 75% |
| North Carolina | 63% | North Dakota | 50% | Northern California | 75% |
| Northern Indiana | 75% | Northern Michigan | 63% | Northwest Texas | 63% |
| Northwestern Pa | 88% | Ohio | 75% | Oklahoma | 63% |
| Olympia | 63% | Oregon | 50% | Pennsylvania | 75% |
| Pittsburgh | 88% | Quincy | 100% | Rhode Island | 63% |
| Rio Grande | 63% | Rochester | 63% | San Diego | 63% |
| San Joaquin | 63% | South Carolina | 75% | South Dakota | 88% |
| Southeast Florida | 75% | Southern Ohio | 88% | Southern Virginia | 75% |
| Southwest Florida | 63% | Southwestern Virginia | 63% | Spokane | 63% |
| Springfield | 50% | Tennessee | 63% | Texas | 75% |
| Upper South Carolina | 63% | Utah | 63% | Vermont | 75% |
| Virginia | 63% | Washington | 88% | West Missouri | 63% |
| West Tennessee | 63% | West Texas | 50% | West Virginia | 75% |
| Western Kansas | 50% | Western Louisiana | 50% | Western Massachusetts | 50% |
| Western Michigan | 50% | Western New York | 75% | Western North Carolina | 63% |
| Wyoming | 63% |
I owe special thanks to my husband Ernest Clay for his steadfast kindness and gentleness, without which I would have much less of an inkling about the patience and kindness of God.
All the errors here are mine, and I would appreciate continuing help with them as spotted.
Note: Census data comes from the 1990 U.S. Census, much of it from the Summary Tape File 3B on 3 CDs. Biographical data was derived from the Electronic Clerical Directory and the Electronic Lay Leadership Directory, available from the Church Hymnal Corporation. Data regarding parishes and dioceses was gleaned heavily from The Episcopal Church Annual of many editions, and this data was often then correlated with data from the other sources.
In 1946 when I was in the 5th grade, Mother, who had been head teller at the local bank, was scandalized that I did not yet know the multiplication tables. One night she insisted that we stay up until I could recite four times without an error all the way from one times one to twelve times twelve. I succeeded about four in the morning, and we celebrated with hot chocolate. In many ways this statistical report, and so many more that I have done, continue that celebration.
Joy to absolutely everybody!
Lutibelle/Louie, L2 in 2003
Deputation for the Diocese of Newark
Statistics courtesy of WebCounter.
