By Louie Crew,
Member of the Deputation of the Diocese of Newark
in 1994 (Co-Chair), 1997, and 2000 (Chair)
All are organized in the same way.
©1996, 1997, 1999 by Louie Crew. Freely reproduce, but only if you acknowledge your source and send any URL's or hard copy to Louie Crew, Box 30, Newark, NJ 07101
I will treat in the same way any alternates still to be elected and any shifts in deputations due to death, moves, or other causes. Such changes typically occur right through General Convention itself, yet with 97% of the deputation on record for this report, percentages are not likely off much on any one tally.
Most of the statistical analysis restricts itself to the data for the 100 domestic dioceses of the Episcopal Church. The full listing of deputies includes the eight others dioceses.
The report depends heavily on data provided officially in The Episcopal Clerical Directory especially editions for 1996, 1998, and 1999, The Episcopal Lay Leadership Directory, and several recent editions of the Episcopal Church Annual. Almost never is information merely transferred from one of these sources, but rather, data from those sources is put into a data base from one or more other sources and then relational questions are asked. Data from all official sources is only as good as the data provided to them, typically supplied by priests in charge in parochial reports or both others affected, such as entry forms for those in the Lay Leadership Directory. I welcome corrections, but will not correct the official sources, lest I 'doctor' the data.
I hope that you will respond to some of this material in ways that I can post to the www with a link from here.
During the interim, the Presiding Bishop and Executive Council provide oversight at the national level. One principal bishop oversees each of the 100 domestic dioceses of the Episcopal Church, with much choice left to each diocese in terms of its liturgical and theological preferences, including choice of candidates for ordination.
General Convention governs the church through Constitution and Canons, and it advises the church through resolutions.
The House of Deputies is composed of up to 4 deputies in the clergy order and up to 4 deputies in the lay order from each diocese, elected at diocesan conventions at least a year in advance of the General Convention, unless special permission is granted to recognize elections after these deadlines. Dioceses typically elect up to 4 alternates in each order as well, but only 4 persons in each order may serve during any one half-day session. (I have criticized the undemocratic nature of this 'county unit system' in my article "The Countdown to Indianapolis," The Witness Magazine, March 1994, parts of which are on the web as Quean Lutibelle's Book of Numbers)
To keep the data manageable and to reflect the practice that prevails the vast majority of the time, I have restricted my report to deputies and first alternates. Most other alternates have to pay their own way to convention, and few actually serve except for half a day, if that.
This report monitors and correlates many variables about House of Deputies. I wrote the first version regarding the 1997 General Convention. I have completely re-done the manuscript for the General Convention of 2000.
General Convention 2000
See the list of 1997 deputies not returning
in 2000.
In 2000, fifty-eight percent of the deputies and first alternates served also in 1997. Of those, 67% had an equal or higher rank in 2000 than they had in 1997, with lay and clergy being about equal in this distribution.
In 1997, seventy percent of all returning deputies and first alternates either moved up or kept their previous rank. Sixteen percent of the lay deputies and first alternates had lower rank in 1994, and 30 percent of the clergy deputies or first alternates were lower alternates in 1994.
Thirty-five percent of the deputies and first alternates in 2000 served also in 1994. Of those, 70% had an equal or higher rank in 2000 than they had in 1994.
The evidence does not support the claim that deputies of color tend to be more highly represented in 3rd, 4th, and 5th positions. In fact, clergy deputies of color are under-represented in c4 and c5 positions; lay deputies of color are under-represented in the l5 position.
| Rank | Deps | Females | Deps of Color |
|---|---|---|---|
| c?* | 7 | 1 | 0 |
| c1 | 107 | 23 | 0 |
| c2 | 102 | 25 | 14 |
| c3 | 100 | 26 | 12 |
| c4 | 98 | 31 | 5 |
| c5 | 99 | 19 | 7 |
| - | |||
| l?* | 16 | 9 | 1 |
| l1 | 104 | 55 | 17 |
| l2 | 100 | 50 | 18 |
| l4 | 96 | 47 | 13 |
| l5 | 100 | 65 | 7 |
| - | |||
| Totals: | 1,027 | 399 | 124 |
In 2000 women hold 54% f the L1 positions (vs. only 50.5% in 1997). In 2000 women hold 20 percent of the C1 positions (down 2 percent from 1997) Click here to see a list of all female deputies. Click here to see the most current summary statistics of gender in the House, not restrict just to the domestic dioceses as is this report.
In 1997 females constituted only 36 percent of the House; in 2000, 39 percent. See the graph of women's percent of the House of Deputies since they first served in 1970, (50 years after women's suffrage in the U.S.A.), and have been eligible to serve as priests only since 1976, but women continue to gain a larger share of the membership, as they have done steadily since their enfranchisement.
In the 1996 The Clerical Directory, females were only 13.8% of those listed.. By 1999 females were 17.8% of 17,117 clergy listed in The Clerical Directory. Click here to see their distribution diocese by diocese.
Thirty of the 108 dioceses have no female clergy deputies for General Convention 2000: Alabama, Albany, Arkansas, Central Florida, Central New York, Colombia, Dallas, Dominican Republic, Eastern Oregon, Easton, Eau Claire, Fond du Lac, Fort Worth, Haiti, Honduras, Mississippi, Navajoland Northwest Texas, Northwestern Pa, Quincy, San Joaquin South Carolina, Springfield, Tennessee, Texas, Virgin Islands, Virginia, West Tennessee, Western Louisiana, Western Massachusetts (Thanks to Marge Christie for telling me to notice these. -- L.)
.
The average age of a deputy in 2000 is 55.1, of deputies in 1997 was 53.9. Those ages are computed for the age at opening day of each convention.
The median age of a deputy in 2000 is 54.5, of deputies in 1997 was 53.1 The average age for clergy in 2000 is 51.1, for lay deputies is 61.8, or 10.7 years older. In 1997 the lay deputies averaged only six years older than clergy. Likely the difference is about the same this time; we simply have the ages of the older (returning) lay deputies more than we have them of the younger ones.
Gender differences appear minimal regarding clergy moves from their place of birth:
Those who work in a state where they were not born:
Those who work in a province where not born:
all clergy in
2000: 55% in 2000
Click here to see a map of the
provinces.
Twelve percent of the clergy deputies have never married, and only 4.4 percent of the lay deputies.
Those who report 'children' without reporting a marriage are usually currently divorced or widow(er)ed. 14.2 percent of the lay are in that category, but only 3.4 percent of the clergy.
Deputies married to clergy
5 percent of the lay deputies are married to clergy persons (cf. 5.5% in 1997); 2.8 percent of the clergy deputies are married to other clergy persons (cf. 1.7% in 1997).
Those "not married"
Some deputies indicate that they have children but leave out date of marriage: these omissions are ambiguous -- possibly because the person is divorced, possibly because the person's spouse has died.... Very few divorced persons say so.(See Phil Nicholson's strategy for interpreting divorce data on all listed in the Electronic Clerical Directory.)
"Single, but...."
Only 9.7% of the deputies have never married, compared with 12.8% of all ECUSA clergy. Through private revelations from the deputies themselves I know 11 percent of those coded above as "not married" are in fact in committed lesbigay unions, many of them of more than two decades duration, as are several others coded as heterosexually married but divorced. Only since the 1997 General Convention has Church Publishing Incorporated, publisher of both clerical and lay directories, allowed clergy to indicate a life-partner of the same gender. With the 1998 Lay Leadership Directory it kept the "Don't Ask Don't Tell" policy for lay persons by abandoning marriage data for all persons listed. This is but one small measure of the way that the Church treats monogamous and life-committed lesbigay relationships as the equivalent of heterosexual promiscuity and anonymous sex.
Given systemic stigma, undoubtedly other lesbigay deputies choose to closet their life commitments and thereby avoid other penalties, especially under bishops who refuse to license lesbigay clergy or affirm lay ministers.
"Re-Marriage"
House of Deputies 2000
Those proportions remain fairly close to those in 1997, when 9.7% of the clergy, 3.68% of the lay, 8.91% of the male, and 5.99% of the female deputies were involved in second marriages.
It is very difficult to learn who has and has not been divorced.
That is not information that persons like to share, especially in directories
often used in preliminary screening of job candidates. Only 3.7%
of all deputies specify that they have been divorced.
Of those in second or third marriages, however, only 19% indicate that
the first spouse was deceased. If one counts as 'divorced' all the
others in second marriages as having been divorced, and adds those who
indicate that they have children but give no other marriage data, the divorce
rate for the House in 2000 is 14.5%, That is less than one
percentage point different from the 15.1% overall divorce rate that
Phil Nicholson of DataPhile computed with a much more sophisticated
statistical mechanism which he allowed me to report in my
analysis of the 1997 House of Deputies.
In 2000, the average clergy family with children has 3.5 children (up from 2.35 in 1997). In 2000, the average lay family has 4.3 children (up from of 2.6 in 1997. The largest families reported for 2000 are the families of three lay deputies, with 10, 9, and 8 children, followed by two more lay deputy families of 6 each. In 1997 one clergy deputy had 12 children and the largest family reported by a lay deputy had 7 children.
In 2000 second marriages added and average of 1.3 children, compared with the average of only .8 children added by second marriages in 1997.
Of 513 clerical deputies for GC, 69 (13.45%) are the children of priests.
16
(23%) of those 69 are female priests (24% of all clergy deputies are
female).
The percent of all clergy who are children of clergy is much lower. Of 16,811 clergy in the Clerical Directory, 2,880 (17%) are females.
5.3% of the male clergy are the children of priests
2.1% of the female clergy are the children of priests.
I have been able to find only two clergy who are the children of female clergy:
The Rev. Victor Hanford Kazanjian, Jr., is the son of Rev Rosanna (Case) Kazanjian.
1 The Rev. Timothy John Vellom is the son of Rev Anne (Polhemus) Vellom.
There are likely others, but these are the only clergy children of
female clergy whom I can find. I was not able to find clergy who are
daughters of female clergy. The way that directories handle female names
makes this kind of research impossible to do with great accuracy.
On December 10, 1999, 69.8% of the deputies had email addresses in the mailer for the House. (Several others have email addresses but asked out of the mailer. Check my most current statistics.
69.8% is up more than 50% from the 19% for whom I had email addresses in 1998.
Of the deputies whose ages I know (68.4%), younger deputies are almost 12% more likely to have email than are older deputies. 81% of the deputies younger than 54.85 have email, but only 69.5% of those younger than that have email.
Of the deputies whose ages I know, only 51.8% are 54.85 or younger.
In 2000, 13.6 percent (cf. 12% in 1997) of the clergy deputies earned a doctorate. Only 12.5% percent (cf. 22% in 1997) of the lay deputies earned a doctorate, of those who reported educational data. Ten percent of the female deputies earned a doctorate in 2000 (vs. 11% in 1997); 14.6 percent of the male deputies earned a doctorate in 2000 (vs. 16% in 1997. Review a list of all deputies known to have a doctorate.
Compare these figures with those for all ECUSA clergy. Of 16,811 persons listed in the 1998 Episcopal Clerical Directory, the following have "terminal degrees":
7.0% ThD
5.7% PhD
4.1% D.Min
See fuller analysis in my 1998 report
of all Episcopal Clergy
See totals of degrees granted to deputies by all institutions in alphabetical order and in order of the number of degrees conferred.
Seventeen institutions conferred 32% of all the degrees reported by
deputies to the Episcopal Clerical Directory and to the Lay Leadership
Directory. Witness deputy portions for these 17:
| 1997 | 2000 | |
|---|---|---|
| VTS | 68 | 81 |
| USo | 62 | 56 |
| GTS | 62 | 53 |
| Nashotah | 45 | 42 |
| SWTS | 35 | 35 |
| CDSP | 44 | 35 |
| Yale | 11 | 21 |
| Harvard | 16 | 21 |
| EDS | 19 | 19 |
| ETSSw | 15 | 17 |
| Berk/Ya | 14 | 17 |
| Princeton | 11 | 16 |
| PDS | 14 | 12 |
| Bex | 7 | 12 |
| ETS | 17 | 11 |
| TESM | 7 | 9 |
| UTS | 7 | 9 |
.
Ivy League Graduates
We have information regarding degrees for 71 percent of the deputies; of these, 11.5% graduated from Ivy League universities (compared with only 8% in 1997). In 2000 the Ivy League experience is manifested about equally in the clergy (11.7%) and the lay (11.5%), whereas in 1997 lay deputies were three percent more likely to have studied at an Ivy League university. (10.7% for the lay vs. 7% for the clergy). As in 1997, male deputies are more likely to have studied at an Ivy League university than are female deputies, but by a smaller margin in 2000 (12.8% to 8.6%) than in 1997 (9% to 4.3%).
Honor Societies: Phi Beta Kappa & Phi Kappa Phi
Of the deputies for whom we have graduation data, only 3.4% (vs. 4.26% in 1997) graduated as members of Phi Beta Kappa & Phi Kappa Phi two major honors societies in USA higher education. (See the full list of all ECUSA clergy in Phi Beta Kappa.)
Clergy deputies are almost twice as likely to be members of these honor societies than are clergy at large -- 2,9% of the clergy deputies in 2000 vs. 1.8% of the 16,811 persons listed in the 1998 Clerical Directory.
Female deputies (4.5% in 2000; 5.67% in 1997) are more likely
to be members of these two honor societies than are male deputies (2.9%
in 2000; 3.81% in 1997).
11.8% (vs. 13% in 1997) of all lay deputies are known to be lawyers, and that figure is likely much higher, since only 32.6% of the lay deputies provided education data to the 1998 Lay Leadership Directory, from which I identified many, but not all of the lawyers. 18.4% of all diocesan chancellors are in the House in 2000.
Six clergy deputies (1.26%) hold law degrees, as do ten bishops, four of whem, 3%, are still active and not retired.
Three percent of the persons in the Lay Leadership Directory list law degrees, as do 1.9 percent of the persons in the Clerical Directory. See the names of all ECUSA leaders who list law degrees.
Of all deputies in 2000, 18% were currently serving on Standing
Committee according to the 1999 Episcopal Church Annual. Only
15% of the female deputies were serving on Standing Committees, compared
with 21% of the male deputies serving on Standing Committee.
Clergy deputies (23%) are more likely also be serving on Standing Committees
than are lay deputies (14%), although Standing Committee and the House
of Deputies are divided equally among clergy and lay.
As noted earlier, 18.4% of all diocesan chancellors are in the House in 2000.
Of all persons serving on interim bodies
during the triennium 1997-2000 (excluding bishops), 37.5% have been elected
deputy to General Convention in 2000. Fourteen percent of all
deputies to General Convention in 2000 currently serve on interim bodies.
Only 10.4% of the clergy deputies serve on interim bodies, compared with
17% of the lay deputies; excluding bishops, 61% of the members of
interim bodies are lay, 39% are clergy. Only 12% of the male deputies
serve currently on interim bodies, compared with 17% of the female deputies;
excluding bishops, males are 55% and females only 45% of those who currently
serve on interim bodies.
Memberships
| Organization | % all clergy | % deputy clergy |
|---|---|---|
| Society of St. John the Evangelist, Associate | 1.3% | 2.8% |
| Associated Parishes | 0.7% | 2.6% |
| Order of Holy Cross, Associate | 2.4% | 2.6% |
| Society of Holy Cross | 0.8% | 1.9% |
| Episcopal Women's Caucus | 0.4% | 1.7% |
| Order of St. Luke, Associate | 2.8% | 1.7% |
| Episcopal Society for Ministry in Higher Education | 0.6% | 1.3% |
| Union of Black Episcopalians | 0.3% | 1.3% |
| Association of Diocesan Liturgy & Music Commissions | 0.3% | 1.1% |
| Confraternity of the Blessed Sacrament | 0.9% | 1.1% |
| Episcopal Peace Fellowship | 0.6% | 1.1% |
| North American Association for the Diaconate | 2.0% | 1.1% |
| Order of St. Helena, Associate | 0.3% | 1.1% |
| Sisterhood of the Holy Nativity | 0.3% | 1.1% |
| Brotherhood of St. Andrew | 0.7% | 0.9% |
| Episcopal Synod of America | 0.5% | 0.9% |
| Rural Workers Fellowship | 0.4% | 0.9% |
| American Association of Pastoral Counselors | 1.2% | 0.6% |
| American Academy of Religion | 0.6% | 0.6% |
| Catholic Clerical Union | 0.5% | 0.6% |
| Daughters of the King | 0.3% | 0.6% |
| Episcopal Renewal Ministries | 0.4% | 0.6% |
| Evangelical Education Society | 0.4% | 0.6% |
| NOEL | 0.3% | 0.6% |
| Society of the Companions of the Holy Cross | 0.2% | 0.6% |
| American Anglican Council | 0.1% | 0.4% |
| Association for Clinical Pastoral Education | 0.9% | 0.4% |
| Catholic Fellowship | 0.3% | 0.4% |
| Community of the Holy Spirit, Associate | 0.4% | 0.4% |
| Community of St. John the Baptist, Associate | 0.1% | 0.4% |
| Cursillo | 0.3% | 0.4% |
| Episcopal Society for Ministry with the Aging | 0.3% | 0.4% |
| Integrity | 0.2% | 0.4% |
| Order of St. Benedict | 0.5% | 0.4% |
| Society of Mary | 0.6% | 0.4% |
| Society of St. Margaret, Associate | 0.3% | 0.4% |
| American Association for Marriage and Family Therapy | 0.4% | 0.2% |
| Assembly of Episcopal Hospitals and Chaplains | 0.4% | 0.2% |
| Alban Institute | 0.3% | 0.2% |
| Episcopalians United | 0.2% | 0.2% |
| Fellowship of College Chaplains | 0.3% | 0.2% |
| GEM | 0.3% | 0.2% |
| Interim Ministry | 0.3% | 0.2% |
| National Association for Self-Supporting Active Ministry | 0.2% | 0.2% |
| Society of Biblical Literature | 0.7% | 0.2% |
| SEAD | 0.1% | 0.2% |
| Spiritual Directors | 0.1% | 0.2% |
| Society of Saint Paul | 0.2% | 0.2% |
Most clergy do not take the time to fill out this information when they complete their entries for the directory, and some do not want to invade their own privacy by announcing memberships to the whole world. Many are aware that the Clerical Directory is often used by persons on search committees and others who review their choices.
I have restricted my report of memberships to the clergy, for theirs
are better documented. The Lay Leadership Directory is much
too sparse for any quantification of membership listings there to have
much value.
If deputies would like for me to post specialized lists for of other
groups, please identify those deputies (see the
full list of deputies and mail to me at lcrew@andromeda.rutgers.edu
The average parish size for all deputies in 2000 is 531 (up from 466
in 1997). The ECUSA overall available to report with 1997 was 213,
though note that the parish sizes for everyone are derived from data that
is two years old by the time published and available for these reports.
See additional documentation, with maps, in my cyber articles The Small
Church (at
http://newark.rutgers.edu/~lcrew/smallchu.html)
and All Episcopal Churches in the U.S.A. Reporting 1,000+ Members (at
http://rci.rutgers.edu/~lcrew/biggest.html).
Resolved, the House of ________ concurring, That this 72nd General Convention direct the Standing Liturgical Commission to develop, after critical study of pertinent rites already in use by faith communities, a rite or rites for the blessing of committed relationships between persons of the same sex, and to present such forms to the 73rd General Convention for inclusion in the Book of Occasional Services.In a vote by orders, that resolution lost by only one vote in each order.
While we do not know how any individual deputy voted, we do know how each order of each deputation voted. We also know who is not returning from 1997. Of those not returning, 207 (45.9%) were in orders that voted: for C002;. 159 (35.3%) were in orders that voted against it, and 85 (18.85%) were in orders that were divided.
Compare that with the overall distribution of 1997 deputies' vote: 400 (48.1%) were in orders that voted for C002; 287 (34.5%) were in orders that voted against it; and 140 (16.85%) were in orders that were divided. By my reading, the distribution is too close to give any shift in the patterns for voting on this issue. Four dioceses that voted uniformly against us in both orders in 1997 are no longer part of ECUSA but have joined Costa Rica in creating the new Church of the Province of Central America: El Salvador, Guatemala, Nicaragua, and Panama. If every diocese voted the same way that it did last time, C002 would therefore pass by a significant amount. That is a huge if, however. New items that could influence the vote include the Lambeth Conference of 1998 and a new Presiding Bishop who has called for a fallow time regarding legislation. (See ENS's report on the March 1999 House of Bishops Meeting, http://ecusa.anglican.org/ens/99-015.html
For earlier responses to lesbigay issues, see "Changing the Church," my detailed history of lesbigay issues in the Episcopal Church, published on the eve of the 1997 General Convention.
As in 1997, ten percent of the deputies are "single," but now only six percent of the chairs are single, compared with eight percent in 1997..
Deputies of color constitute twelve percent of the House (up 3% from 1997); yet only five percent of the deputation chairs are deputies of color (down from nine percent in 1997).
Systems of privilege resist change.
(General Convention in 1997 had one deputy for every 1,972 communicants, based on statistics for 1994, as reported in the 1996 Episcopal Church Annual.)
Since dioceses differ radically in size, deputies are not evenly distributed throughout the church membership. Under this system of disproportional representation, the Diocese of Texas, the diocese with the most communicants, has only one deputy for every 7,717 communicants, yet North Dakota, our smallest diocese (excluding Navajoland), has one deputy for every 186 communicants. That difference is even greater than in 1997, when the Diocese of Texas had only one deputy for every 6,885 communicants, and North Dakota only one deputy for every 211 communicants.
Those who support disproportional representation often justify their position by noting that members of the House of Deputies are not called "representatives" but "deputies." As such, deputies are charged to vote our own consciences, not the conscience of our dioceses. Those making this case argue that the purpose of disproportional voting is to assure the activity of the Holy Spirit at convention, and not to encumber deputies to bring minds limited only to what they learned back home.
Systemic Injustice
This position suggests that the Holy Spirit is to blame that General Convention took fifty years longer to enact women's suffrage than did the U.S. congress. Others feel that the Congress moved faster because it has proportional representation.
Seventy-two percent of all African American deputies were elected in the dioceses under represented (up from 67 percent in 1997). Forty-six percent of the African American deputies serve in the top 25 of dioceses most under-represented -- i.e., the dioceses that would stand to gain the most in representation if the system were made just. Clearly the system itself discriminates against African American representation in the House.Sixty-four percent of the deputies known to be lesbigay were elected in the dioceses under represented (up from 58 percent in 1997). Fifty percent of the deputies known to be gay serve in the top 25 of dioceses most under-represented -- i.e., the dioceses that would stand to gain the most in representation if the system were made just. Clearly the system itself discriminates against lesbigay representation in the House.
Disproportional representation did not affect gender portions in 2000.. Fifty-one percent of the women elected were elected in the dioceses underrepresented, and forty-nine percent were elected in the other half. In 1997 women fared better in the dioceses with more than their proportional share of the house, with sixty-four percent of the female deputies were elected by those dioceses.
|
|
|
in 2000 |
|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
See my Charting ECUSA.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.0% | 1.3% | 0.8% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 3.3% | Asian Americans |
| 9.4% | 19.7% | 9.8% | 8.1% | 8.5% | 1.6% | 2.8% | 2.6% | African Americans |
| 1.6% | 3.9% | 0.0% | 1.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 1.9% | 3.3% | Hispanic/Latino Americans |
| 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.8% | 0.5% | 0.0% | 4.7% | 0.0% | 3.3% | Native Hawaiians &
Native Americans* |
| 46.9% | 43.4% | 39.3% | 30.3% | 44.0% | 43.8% | 29.6% | 45.0% | females |
| 20.3% | 11.8% | 11.5% | 11.6% | 8.5% | 4.7% | 9.3% | 6.6% | Those who have doctorates |
| 18.8% | 15.8% | 10.7% | 5.6% | 6.4% | 12.5% | 2.8% | 5.3% | Ivy League graduates |
| 4.7% | 6.6% | 6.6% | 8.6% | 6.4% | 10.9% | 3.7% | 6.0% | lawyers |
| 7.8% | 11.8% | 6.6% | 4.0% | 9.9% | 7.8% | 6.5% | 3.3% | singles |
| 6.3% | 3.9% | 1.6% | 0.5% | 2.1% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.7% | lesbigays |
| 91.3% | 62.8% | 59.5% | 24.4% | 67.6% | 27.8% | 21.2% | 61.7% | Supported lesbigay unions
C002** |
* At time of being compiled, deputations are not known yet from Navajoland,
North Dakota, or Kansas
** For this line only, percents are of totals for 1997 deputations;
all others are of the deputations for 2000.
Click here to see a map of the provinces.
Dr. King used to speak of 11 o'clock on Sunday morning as the most segregated hour in America. In many places, many of us have learned to worship together, but 7 o'clock on Saturday night remains as a big problem. Few have yet learned to share our lives with one another across racial barriers. (Deputy Marge Christie)See my elaborate analysis of racial patterns in deputies' zip codes in my report on the 1997 House of Deputies. No new US census data will be available until approximately 2002.
Of the seventeen states that have higher than national average of 12.1 percent African Americans, some have done a better job of electing African American deputies and first alternates to General Convention than have others:
(Note: Not all states have an equal number of deputies, nor are all dioceses within the boundaries of any one state. 'State' here means the state in which the deputy resides, not necessarily the state of the See.)
| State | Deps
of color |
Afn Amn
Deps. |
Afn Amn
in state |
|---|---|---|---|
| DC | 37.5% | 37.5% | 65.8% |
| MS | 10.0% | 10.0% | 35.6% |
| LA | 15.0% | 10.0% | 30.8% |
| SC | 0.0% | 0.0% | 29.8% |
| GA | 20.0% | 15.0% | 27.0% |
| AL | 11.1% | 11.1% | 25.3% |
| MD | 15.0% | 10.0% | 24.9% |
| NC | 10.0% | 10.0% | 22.0% |
| VA | 6.7% | 6.7% | 18.8% |
| DE | 20.0% | 10.0% | 16.9% |
| TN | 6.7% | 6.7% | 16.0% |
| NY | 25.0% | 19.6% | 15.9% |
| AR | 0.0% | 0.0% | 15.9% |
| IL | 6.9% | 6.9% | 14.8% |
| MI | 5.0% | 5.0% | 13.9% |
| FL | 8.0% | 6.0% | 13.6% |
| NJ | 20.0% | 20.0% | 13.4% |
| -US overall is 12.1% African American | |||
| TX | 8.3% | 4.2% | 11.9% |
| MO | 5.0% | 5.0% | 10.7% |
| OH | 27.8% | 27.8% | 10.6% |
| PA | 8.7% | 8.7% | 9.2% |
| CT | 10.0% | 10.0% | 8.3% |
| IN | 10.0% | 10.0% | 7.8% |
| OK | 10.0% | 10.0% | 7.4% |
| CA | 13.8% | 1.7% | 7.4% |
| KY | 5.0% | 5.0% | 7.1% |
| NV | 0.0% | 0.0% | 6.6% |
| KS | 0.0% | 0.0% | 5.8% |
| MA | 22.2% | 22.2% | 5.0% |
| WI | 0.0% | 0.0% | 5.0% |
| AK | 37.5% | 12.5% | 4.1% |
| CO | 0.0% | 0.0% | 4.0% |
| RI | 0.0% | 0.0% | 3.9% |
| NE | 0.0% | 0.0% | 3.6% |
| WA | 5.6% | 0.0% | 3.1% |
| WV | 0.0% | 0.0% | 3.1% |
| AZ | 10.0% | 10.0% | 3.0% |
| HI | 40.0% | 10.0% | 2.5% |
| MN | 10.0% | 10.0% | 2.2% |
| NM | 0.0% | 0.0% | 2.0% |
| IA | 0.0% | 0.0% | 1.7% |
| OR | 5.0% | 0.0% | 1.6% |
| WY | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.8% |
| UT | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.7% |
| NH | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.6% |
| ND | na | na | 0.6% |
| SD | 37.5% | 0.0% | 0.5% |
| ME | 12.5% | 12.5% | 0.4% |
| ID | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.3% |
| MT | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.3% |
| VT | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.3% |
White
Privilege:
Of the twelve states where dioceses elected African American deputies in percentages equal to or greater than African Americans appear in the state population, not one is in any way connected to the Confederacy. (In 1997 dioceses in only nine states elected equal to or greater than the proportion within their population.)
| State | Deps
of color |
Afn Amn
Deps. |
Afn Amn
in state |
Difference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| MA | 22.2% | 22.2% | 5.0% | 17.2% |
| OH | 27.8% | 27.8% | 10.6% | 17.2% |
| ME | 12.5% | 12.5% | 0.4% | 12.1% |
| AK | 37.5% | 12.5% | 4.1% | 8.4% |
| MN | 10.0% | 10.0% | 2.2% | 7.8% |
| HI | 40.0% | 10.0% | 2.5% | 7.5% |
| AZ | 10.0% | 10.0% | 3.0% | 7.0% |
| NJ | 20.0% | 20.0% | 13.4% | 6.6% |
| NY | 25.0% | 19.6% | 15.9% | 3.7% |
| OK | 10.0% | 10.0% | 7.4% | 2.6% |
| IN | 10.0% | 10.0% | 7.8% | 2.2% |
| CT | 10.0% | 10.0% | 8.3% | 1.7% |
Yet of the 10 states with the -12 percent or lower under-proportionate presence of African Americans, 8 of them were a part of the Confederacy:
| State | Deps
of color |
Afn Amn
Deps. |
Afn Amn
in state |
Difference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SC | 0.0% | 0.0% | 29.8% | -29.8% |
| DC | 37.5% | 37.5% | 65.8% | -28.3% |
| MS | 10.0% | 10.0% | 35.6% | -25.6% |
| LA | 15.0% | 10.0% | 30.8% | -20.8% |
| AR | 0.0% | 0.0% | 15.9% | -15.9% |
| MD | 15.0% | 10.0% | 24.9% | -14.9% |
| AL | 11.1% | 11.1% | 25.3% | -14.2% |
| VA | 6.7% | 6.7% | 18.8% | -12.1% |
| GA | 20.0% | 15.0% | 27.0% | -12.0% |
| NC | 10.0% | 10.0% | 22.0% | -12.0% |
In 1997 of the 12 states with the -10 percent or lower under-proportionate presence of African Americans, 9 of them were a part of the Confederacy.
The systems of white privilege remain intact in ECUSA.
See the lists of deputies of color.
See my report on Black priests in ECUSA.
Deputies who are priests averaged .85 of a year, or 309 days, between being made a deacon and being made a priest (up only 5 days from the average in 1997).
Male deputies moved from the diaconate to priesthood in an average
of 9.7 months, a shorter interval than the 11.5 months for females
and the 14.3 months for deputies of color:
Only 13% of the deputies serve on the interim bodies (up 3% from
1997), known variously as commissions, committees, and boards.
16.6% of the lay deputies currently serve on interim bodies.
10.0% of the clergy deputies currently serve on interim bodies.
Typically have of the members of interim bodies are ordained; the presence of bishops fills out the ordained half.
17.2% of male deputies currently serve on interim bodies.
10.9% of female deputies currently serve on interim bodies.
21.8% of deputies of color currently serve on interim bodies.
12.1% of the Caucasian deputies currently serve on interim bodies.
Click here to see a complete list of all members of interim bodies in the triennium 1997-2000.
Legislative committees serve during General Convention. All proposed legislation is assigned an appropriate legislative committee. Committees typically hold hearings on and draft the final versions of all legislation considered on the floor of General Convention, responding to proposals from dioceses, deputies, bishops, and interim bodies.
Click here to see the list of legislative committees and their members .
62% of all deputies were appointed to committees; 38% were not.
83% of all who have been deputies 3+ times were appointed; 17% were not.
79% of all who have been deputies 2+ times were appointed; 21% were not.
33% of all new deputies were appointed; 67% were not.
77% of all deputies of color were appointed to committees, 23% were not.
64% of all female deputies were appointed; 36% were not.
60% of all male deputies were appointed; 40% were not.
61% of all Province 1 deputies were appointed; 39% were not.
72% of all Province 2* deputies were appointed; 28% were not.
67% of all Province 3 deputies were appointed; 33% were not.
65% of all Province 4 deputies were appointed; 35% were not.
65% of all Province 5 deputies were appointed; 35% were not.
58% of all Province 6 deputies were appointed; 42% were not.
54% of all Province 7 deputies were appointed; 46% were not.
57% of all Province 8* deputies were appointed; 43% were not.
33% of all Province 9 deputies were appointed; 67% were not.
52% of all Province X* deputies were appointed; % were not.
*I use Province X to indicate Prov. 2 deputies in VI, Europe, and Haiti and Prov. 8 deputies in Taiwan
Very Rev. George Werner (c1 from Pittsburgh and Vice-President of the HoD) wrote:
For six years, I had the privilege of serving on the Council of Advice to the President of the House of Deputies, David Collins. In the game of pigeonholing, David is an "Evangelical Conservative." More recently, I have served six years ion the Council of Advice of Pamela Chinnis, pigeonholed "Liberal."I. Both struggled mightily to balance appointments to both General Convention legislative committees and to those commissions, committees and other bodies which exist between conventions.
II. Balance included Province, Diocese, ideologies, sex, age, ethnicity and experience. (i.e.When Ft. Worth was a new Diocese and therefore had little deputy seniority,a deliberate effort was made to name at least half the deputation to legislative committees.)
III. In all appointments, there are at least three identified and qualified candidates for each position available. (Remember that interim bodies are usually made up of six year terms meaning that each Triennium only one half of the appointments are made.)
IV. Certain committees and commissions are more popular than others. Combining music and liturgy for this General Convention meant that we had more returning deputies who had served on one of these committees at the last Convention than we did have committee seats. Another committee had 153 "first choices" from Deputies, approximately five times the number of seats.
V. It has been my experience that a brief letter from the candidate or from a colleague, outlining the specific gifts and experience for a particular committee or interim body can be helpful. Also, like the importuning servant, keep knocking.
Like all systems, this is not perfect. As sinners in need of God's Grace that should surprise no one.
All the errors here are mine, and I would appreciate continuing help with them as spotted.
Note: Census data comes from the 1990 U.S. Census, much of it from the Summary Tape File 3B on 3 CDs. Biographical data was derived from the Electronic Clerical Directory and the Electronic Lay Leadership Directory, available from the Church Hymnal Corporation. Data regarding parishes and dioceses was gleaned heavily from The Episcopal Church Annual of many editions, and this data was often then correlated with data from the other sources.
Individual deputies have helped enormously in providing information for this report. Thanks to all of you. I hope you find this information useful.
I owe special thanks to my husband Ernest Clay for his steadfast kindness and gentleness, without which I would have much less of an inkling about the patience and kindness of God.
Joy to absolutely everybody!
--Lutibelle/Louie, Chair
Deputation for the Diocese of Newark
Please
sign my guest book and
view it.
My site has been accessed
times since February 14, 1996.
Statistics courtesy of WebCounter.