Profile of the Episcopal House of Bishops

 towards General Convention, 2000

By Louie Crew, Deputy from Newark

 Associate Professor, Rutgers University

©1997, 2000 by Louie Crew, lcrew@newark.rutgers.edu.
Freely reproduce, but only if you acknowledge your source and send any URL's or hard copy to
Louie Crew, 377 S. Harrison Street, East Orange, NJ 07018-1225

Contents

Note: This article is in process. It directly parallels A Profile of the House of Deputies for 2000. I have also prepared a full list of the deputations for each diocese, including bishops and deputies.

Parts of the report focus on the data for only the 100 domestic dioceses of the Episcopal Church. Other tallies include bishops outside the domestic 100. Readers need to be sensitive to the difference.

Note:  This report is current as of the time of publication, June 25, 2000.  I will not attempt to update email links and other data on an ongoing basis at this location. If possible, I will update it again in 2003.  You may also want to look at my 1997 profile of the House of Bishops.

For the most current email information and other data on a specific bishop, see her/his record at http://newark.rutgers.edu/~lcrew/bishops

A suggestion about how to read this document

Hypertext documents are not meant to be read linearly, from start to finish. Instead, they make it easy for you to move from place to place, indeed sometimes from this document to other documents. Use the Table of Contents as a tool to move around. Also use the FIND feature of your browser. For example, the Table of Contents will point you to primary data about Gender, but materials related to male and female issue appear throughout the document. Using your FIND feature to search for the string MALE and you will locate most of the related materials.

Since this document directly parallels my Profile of the House of Deputies, some readers may prefer to launch a separate browser simultaneously, to all them to load both documents at the same time and switch back and forth for easier comparison.

Bishops by Type

Episcopal means "overseen by bishops." A bishop is the overseer. Bishops come in several types. The highest rank in ECUSA is the Presiding Bishop, currently Most Reverend Frank . The Presiding Bishop presides over the House of Bishops. His Cathedral is the National Cathedral of St. Peter and St. Paul in Washington, DC. His residence is in the Episcopal Church Center at 815 Second Avenue in New York City, one block from the United Nations, at the intersection of 2nd Avenue and 43rd Street, on the Eastside of mid-Manhattan. The Presiding Bishop, once elected, no longer serves as a diocesan bishop, nor is the Presiding Bishop an Archbishop: the Presiding Bishop has the authority to represent ECUSA as our 'primate' at meetings of primates of various parts of the Anglican Communion, but our Presiding Bishop lacks the authority all the other primates bring to those gathering.

Presiding Bishop Griswold, the 25th Presiding Bishop, was elected to a 9-year term at General Convention in 1997 and began serving on January 1, 1998.  Recent presiding bishops had 12-year terms, but that was reduced by General Convention in 1994.

Other categories of bishops include, in descending order of rank:

Bishops and all others are accountable to the General Convention, a bicameral legislature which meets triennially (and may have special meetings, such as the one at South Bend in 1969). The House of Deputies is one chamber, the House of Bishops the other. Legislation must pass in both Houses to be official policy of the Episcopal Church.

During the interim, the Presiding Bishop and Executive Council provide oversight at the national level. There are 100 domestic dioceses of the Episcopal Church. Each dioceses has much choice in terms of its liturgical and theological preferences, including choice of candidates for ordination, although persons are guaranteed access to the process without regard to gender, race, or sexual orientation.

General Convention governs the church through Constitution and Canons, and it advises the church through resolutions. The House of Bishops twice a year, even in years when General Convention does not meet, but it cannot pass legislation without the concurrence of the older House of Deputies. The 1977 House of Bishops' conscience clause, for example, was passed to allow bishops who disagreed with the 1976 canon permitting the ordination of women not to recognize such ordinations in their own Sees. The conscience clause was not a legal document because it never received the concurrence of the House of Deputies. The 1997 General Convention revised the canons to require that women's ministries be enabled in every diocese. That change was much criticized by the Anglican bishops meeting at the 1998 Lambeth Conference.

The House of Bishops often issues pastorals, sometimes at its own initiative, sometimes at the request of General Convention. These documents have no force of law in ECUSA, but serve as strong advice. For major strength, they need to be passed by both houses of General Convention. For example, see the House of Bishops' Teaching on Human Sexuality, written to be a pastoral but reduced through parliamentary action at the 1994 convention to the lesser status of a "teaching." The House of Bishops cannot legally function as a Roman Catholic magesterium.

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New Bishops, Not at General Convention as Bishops in 1997

Thirty bishops (20% of all active bishops) have been consecrated or elected since General Convention in 1997, including 24 diocesans or coadjutors. Even so, this allows for far more continuity and corporate memory in the House of Bishop than in the House of Deputies, where 44%  of the House of Deputies will be serving for the first time (up 5% from 1997).
 

Bishops Elected/Consecrated since the 1997 General Convention

    1. Harry Bainbridge, Bishop of Idaho. bishopb@micron.net
    2. David Bane, Bishop of Southern Virginia. DCBJR@AOL.COM
    3. David Bena, Bishop Suffragan of Albany.
    4. Jon Bruno, Bishop Coadjutor of Los Angeles. brunojj@earthlink.net
    5. Bruce Caldwell, Bishop of Wyoming.
    6. John P. Croneberger, Bishop of Newark. Bshpjpcnwk@worldnet.att.net
    7. James Curry, Bishop Suffragan-Elect of Connecticut. jcurry@ctdiocese.org
    8. Michael Curry, Bishop of North Carolina. MICHAELSHARONC@aol.com
    9. Michael Garrison, Bishop of Western New York. michael.garrison4@gte.net
    10. Wendell Gibbs, Bishop Coadjutor of Michigan. bishopwng@aol.com
    11. Duncan Gray III, Bishop Coadjutor of Mississippi. duncan.m.gray.iii@ecunet.org
    12. William Gregg, Bishop-Elect of Eastern Oregon. wogre@conncoll.edu
    13. Dan Herzog, Bishop of Albany. dherzog@christcom.net
    14. Barry Howe, Bishop of West Missouri. barryroberthowe@cs.com
    15. Charles Jenkins, Bishop of Louisiana. bishoflouisiana@mindspring.com
    16. James A. Kelsey, Bishop of Northern Michigan. Jim82752@aol.com
    17. Chilton Knudsen, Bishop of Maine. Chilton.knudsen@ecunet.org
    18. Edward Little, Bishop of Northern Indiana. NorthInd7@juno.com
    19. Mark MacDonald, Bishop of Alaska. mmacdonald@gci.net
    20. D. Bruce MacPherson, Bishop Suffragan of Dallas. dbmdallas@flash.net
    21. George Packard, Bishop Suffragan of Armed Forces. gpackard@dfms.org
    22. William Persell, Bishop of Chicago. dskidmore@epischicago.org
    23. John Rabb, Bishop Suffragan of Maryland. jrabb@ang-md.org
    24. Wilfrido Ramos-Orench, Bishop Suffragan-Elect of Connecticut.
    25. Stacy Sauls, Bishop of Lexington. sfsauls@mindspring.com
    26. Mark S. Sisk, Bishop Coadjutor of New York. marksisk@worldnet.att.net
    27. Charles vonRosenberg, Bishop of East Tennessee. CGvonR@etdiocese.net
    28. James E. Waggoner, Jr., Bishop-Elect of Spokane. canonjim@aol.com
    29. Keith Whitmore, Bishop of Eau Claire. dioeau@aol.com
    30. Wayne Wright, Bishop of Delaware. wright@delanet.com
For parallel information on the House of deputies, click on New Deputies and Deputy Type.

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Gender

The Rt. Rev. Barbara Harris was the first woman ordained bishop in the Episcopal Church, consecrated in 1989 as the Bishop Suffragan of Massachusetts--20 years after the first females were seated in the House of Deputies, 70 years after women's suffrage was ratified in the United States Constitution. Now there are eight female bishops in ECUSA, up one from GC 1997:
    Ordinaries:
     
  1. Carolyn Irish, Bishop of Utah. cirish@episcopal-ut.org
  2. Chilton Knudsen, Bishop of Maine. Chilton.knudsen@ecunet.org
  3. Mary Adelia McLeod, Bishop of Vermont. mamcleod@dioceseofvermont.org
  4. Catherine (Cate) Waynick, Bishop of Indianapolis. hob929@aol.com

    5. Geralyn Wolf, Bishop of Rhode Island. bishop@episcopalri.org

    Suffragans:
     

  5. Jane Dixon, Bishop Suffragan of Washington. jdixon@cathedral.org
  6. Barbara Harris, Bishop Suffragan of Massachusetts.
  7. Catherine S. Roskam, Bishop Suffragan of New York. csr125@aol.com .
These eight are 5.3% of all active ECUSA bishops. The five ordinaries are 5% of the ordinaries in the 100 domestic dioceses. The three suffragans are 15% of the 20 suffragans in ECUSA. There are no females in ECUSA outside the United States (Province 9 plus Haiti, Europe, Virgin Islands). Click here to see a map of the provinces.
 
 

If female bishops increase their share of the House at the same rate that female deputies have experienced, by the year 2020 (31 years after the first female bishop) there will be 59 female bishops, the same 38.8 percent that females have in the House of Deputies this year, 31 years after the first female deputy.

A female presides over the House, and women constitute a majority (53%) of the lay deputies, and an even larger percentage (57%) of the new lay deputies. Women constitute only 24.2 percent of the clergy deputies (up 4% from 1997), but 27 percent of the new clergy deputies (also up 4% from 1997).

For additional parallel information on the House of deputies, click on Gender.

Females are only 19.8% of all ECUSA clergy active in the 100 domestic dioceses. Click here to see their distribution diocese by diocese.

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Age and longevity of service

Twenty percent of all active bishops have been elected or consecrated since Presiding Bishop Griswold was elected three years ago.  Half of the active bishops have been consecrated since the 1994 General Convention.   No active bishop was consecrated before 1979, when General Convention last met in Denver.  Two were consecrated in that year,  Bernardo Merino-Botero (Bishop of Colombia) and William Swing (Bishop of California).

The average date of birth for all active bishops right now was June 30, 1941, for an average age of 58.5 (a year younger than the average at GC in 1997).

Of all 323 living bishops eligible to vote at General Convention:

The oldest bishop active bishop is 78 (well past the age for mandatory retirement), Rt. Rev. John C. T. Chien, Bishop of Taiwan.  The oldest living ECUSA bishop is C. Gresham Marmion, Retired Bishop of Kentucky, 94.8; the youngest Stacy Sauls, Bishop Elect of Lexington, 44.5. The oldest age known for any deputy is 86.7, Charles Crump, L3 from West Tennessee; the youngest  age know for any deputy is 18.84, Nicholas Scott, L2 from Albany, with Sarah Knoll, L2 from Kansas, just 14 days older, 18.88.

The average active bishop was born was half way to term in mother's womb old when the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor and only 4 when WW2 ended. The average bishop now was too young to have been drafted in Korea and too old, had she or he not been clergy, to have been drafted in Vietnam. The average bishop now became an adult after John F. Kennedy was assassinated. The Space Age was a fact of life, not just scientic speculation, in the secondary school education of the average bishop today.

The average bishop will have been in college during the early 1960's after the sit-ins, and just before integration. The average bishop reached her or his teens after segregation had been outlawed. Thirty-five  (23%) of the active bishops were ordained to the priesthood after women were regularly ordained to the priesthood in ECUSA. Forty-four (29%) of the currently active bishops were ordained to the priesthood after the 1974 resolution of General Convention declaring "homosexuals are Children of God and entitled to the full love, care and pastoral concern of the church."

We are seeing a shift a bit like that in the early church where once it was mere speculation whether the uncut might remain uncut. Within one generation the uncut were in the vast majority of those hearing, heeding, and spreading the much better news about more important signs of genuine holiness. In a few decades one wondered how on earth a small piece of the male's private part could have ever received the status it once had, and no one would ask to peek.

My friend theologian Norman Pittenger has often told me, "Louie, so long as there is death, there is hope." I fantasize wearing a tacky button in Denver saying, "I have outlived those who passed the resolution of 1979 here in Denver." Some from that era have repented and survived, like my dear friend and former adversary Bishop Sims. Thanks be to God.

Click here to see a birthday prayer calendar for all deputies and bishops.

See ordination and consecration patterns.

 For more parallel information on the House of deputies, click on Age.

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Place of Birth: Bishops' Mobility

Of 133 active bishops, only 19 (14.%) serve now in states where they were born. Only 28 (28%) serve in the provinces where they were born.

Click here to see a map of the provinces.

Only 41 (31%) of the bishops were elected by dioceses in which they were serving; 60 (45%) were elected bishops within the same province where they served.

Of the 98 ordinaries and coadjutors in the domestic dioceses, 4 were born outside the United States.  The other 94 are distributed unequally based on their provinces of birth and the provinces in which they now serve. Clearly the 'Westward Movement' is in action among those elected to the Episcopate:

Click here to see a map of the provinces.

For parallel information on the House of deputies, click on Birthplace & Mobility.

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Marital History

Most bishops are married. Check here to see the names of their spouses. Nine bishops currently in the House have divorced and remarried while being bishops. Another annulled his wife and three children and remarried. At least three other diocesans were divorced and remarried before being elected to the episcopacy.

 According to White & Dykman, 2nd ed. General Convention in 1946 amended I.18 to provide for application by persons whose marriage had ended in divorce (or who wished to marry someone whose marriage had ended in divorce) "to the Bishop or Ecclesiastical Authority of the Diocese...for a judgement as to his or her marital status in the eyes of the Church, or for permission to be married by a Minister of this Church..." 2:418.

The Episcopal Church did not allow clergy to remarry until the 1960's.

To date, The Rt. Rev. Otis Charles, retired Bishop of Utah, is the only ECUSA bishop has openly affirmed that he is gay.

Of  91ordinaries and coadjutors in domestic dioceses who are married:

57.61 Avg age now
32.3  Avg. length of marriage
25.31 Avg. age when married

All 103 have begat children:

Episcopal Progeny
# Children # Bishops Total Children
1 11 11
2 43 86
3 22 66
4 8 32
5 4 20
6 3 18
Totals 91 233
Avg per bishop
2.6

Only 9 (6.7%) of the 133 active ECUSA bishops are single:
 

  1. "Barbara Harris, Bishop Suffragan of Massachusetts"
  2. "Dorsey F. Henderson, Bishop of Upper South Carolina" DUSC@aol.com
  3. "Carolyn Irish, Bishop of Utah" cirish@episcopal-ut.org
  4. "Robert Ladehoff, Bishop of Oregon" robertl@diocese-oregon.org
  5. "Alfred C. Marble, Bishop of Mississippi" Kathryn.Weathersby@ecunet.org
  6. "George Packard, Bishop Suffragan of Armed Forces" gpackard@dfms.org
  7. "John-David Schofield, Bishop of San Joaquin" sjoaquin@msn.com
  8. "Thomas Shaw, Bishop of Massachusetts"
  9. "Geralyn Wolf, Bishop of Rhode Island" bishop@episcopalri.org

    10.  
For parallel information on the House of deputies, click on Parental Status.

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Education

[Note: See my earlier, more extensive 1998 Report on the Education of 308 Bishops at http://newark.rutgers.edu/~lcrew/bisheduc.html.]

        Those who have earned doctorates:

        Not including those who hold just an honorary doctorate
 

  1. Harry Bainbridge, Bishop of Idaho. bishopb@micron.net U So BA 61, MDiv 67, DMin 82.
  2. Frederick Borsch, Bishop of Los Angeles. Pr AB 57. Oxf AB 59, MA 63. GTS STB (cl) 60, DD 88. Birmingham U Engl PhD 66. SWTS DD 78. CDSP STD 81. Berk STD 85.
  3. James Coleman, Bishop of West Tennessee. edwt1@usit.net U TN BS 53. U So MDiv 56. Wake Forest U DMin 75.
  4. J. Gary Gloster, Bishop Suffragan of North Carolina. ggloster@episdionc.org Seminary
  5. William Gregg, Bishop-Elect of Eastern Oregon. wogre@conncoll.edu University of Richmond, VA BA 73. Episcopal Divinity School, MA MDiv 77. Boston MA 80. Notre Dame MA 90, PhD 94.
  6. Bertram Herlong, Bishop of Tennessee. U FL BAE 56. U So MDiv 59, STM 70, DD 93. NYTS DMin 81.
  7. Barry Howe, Bishop of West Missouri. barryroberthowe@cs.com Ge AB 64. PDS MDiv 67. U So DMin 89.
  8. Robert Ihloff, Bishop of Maryland. Rihloff@ang-md.org Urs BA 64. ETS MDiv 67. Cntrl CT St MA 71. Fell CP 75. Boston Gestalt Inst 77-78. EDS DMin 86, DD 96. Camb Sabbatical 92.
  9. Stephen Jecko, Bishop of Florida. bfl7@crci.net Syr BS 64. GTS MDiv 67. VTS DMin 82. U So DD 95. GTS DD 94. VTS DD 95.
  10. David Jones, Bishop Suffragan of Virginia. David_Colin_Jones@ecunet.org WV U AB 65. VTS MDiv 68, DMin 91. CP 74, 80.
  11. Terence Kelshaw, Bishop of Rio Grande. tkelshaw@aol.com Oakhill Theol Coll. London U DTh 67. Pgh TS DMin 86.
  12. Robert Ladehoff, Bishop of Oregon. robertl@diocese-oregon.org Duke U BA 54. GTS STB 57. VTS DMin 80.
  13. Edwin Leidel, Bishop of Eastern Michigan. DAVID.REED@ecunet.org U WI BS 61. Nash MDiv 64. U So DMin 90.
  14. John Lipscomb, Bishop of Southwest Florida. jlipscom@dioceseswfla.org U NC BA 73. U So MDiv 74. GTF DMin 86.
  15. Paul Marshall, Bishop of Bethlehem. bishop@diobeth.org Concordia-IN AB 69. Concordia-MO MDiv 73. GTS Fell/Lectr 77-82, ThD 82.
  16. Stacy Sauls, Bishop of Lexington. sfsauls@mindspring.com Furman U BA 77. U VA JD 80. General Theological Seminary, NY MDiv 88.
  17. Robert Shahan, Bishop of Arizona. RobRShahan@aol.com U KS BS 61. MI St U MBA 67. Nash MDiv 73. NWU PhD 79. SWTS DD 94.
  18. William Smalley, Bishop of Kansas. wsmalley@episcopal-ks.org Leh BA 62. ETS STM 65. Tem MSEd 70. Wesley TS DMin 87.
  19. James Stanton, Bishop of Dallas. Jmsdallas@aol.com Chapman BA 68. TS Claremont DMin 75. CDSP Cert 77. U So DD 94.
  20. Herbert Thompson, Bishop of Southern Ohio. Linc AB (cl) 62. GTS MDiv 65, DD 89. UTS DMin 92. Ken DD.
  21. Orris G. Walker, Bishop of Long Island. dioceseli@aol.com U MD BA 64. GTS STB 68, DD 88. Fell U So 70. Drew U DMin 80. U Windsor MA 84. Ya DS DCL 88. GTF MBA 93.
Exclusive of honorary degrees, of the 133 active bishops in ECUSA, 127 (96%) have earned at least one
graduate degree, 54 (41%) have earned at least two graduate degrees, and 11 (8%) have earned three
graduate degrees.
     
    Those who have earned three graduate degrees:


This 8 percent is significantly under the 13.6 percent of the clergy deputies and the 12.5 percent of lay deputies who have an earned doctorate

68 institutions have granted active to the 133 active bishops a total of 190 advanced degrees. See the Seminary Alumni Lists for the bishops' names.


    Those with one ECUSA bishop alumnus/a:

    Alliance Seminary, Ball State, Bexley, Birmingham U., Candler, Catholic U., Central Baptist TS, Central Conn., Connecticut, Drew, EBTS, Emeraldas, ETSBH, Fed. School of Theol. (SA), Florida, FSU, GW, Hillsdale, Hobard, LSU, Marshall, Mich State, Mont. State, North Carolina, Northwestern, Notre Dame, NYTS, Oregon, PDS, Pontiff College, Rice, Seabury Div., Seminary Epis Haiti, SD, St. John's Prov. TC, St. Lawrence U, St. Thomas Catholic, Tainan TS, Temple, Toronto, Trenton State, U Mass, U Iowa, UVA, Vanderbilt, Wake Forest DMin, Wesley TS, WVa, Wycliff
     

Ivy League schools (indicated by ***) granted 3.2% of all advanced degrees awarded these 133 active bishops. far fewer that the 11% of Ivy League degrees earned by clergy deputies to the General Convention in 2000.  See all bishops who graduated from Ivy League Schools, including those for undergraduate degrees.

Honor Societies: Phi BetaKappa & Phi Kappa Phi

Eighteen (6%) of the 300 living bishops graduated Phi Beta Kappa or Phi Kappa Phi:

  1. Robert Duncan, Bishop of Pittsburgh. duncan@pgh.anglican.org Phi Beta Kappa.
  2. Andrew Fairfield, Bishop of North Dakota. north.dakota.office@ecunet.org Phi Beta Kappa.
  3. Robert Hibbs, Bishop Suffragan of West Texas. BPHIBBS@AOL.COM Phi Beta Kappa
  4. Robert C. Johnson, Retired Bishop of North Carolina. smanning@episdionc.org Phi Kappa Phi.
  5. Peter Lee, Bishop of Virginia. pjlee@thediocese.net Phi Beta Kappa.
  6. Henry I. Louttit, Bishop of Georgia. BishopofGA@aol.com Phi Beta Kappa.
  7. Charlie McNutt, Retired Bishop of Central Pennsylvania. cfmcn@ezonline.com Phi Beta Kappa.
  8. James Montgomery, Retired Bishop of Chicago. Phi Beta Kappa.
  9. Henry Parsley, Bishop of Alabama. hparsley@dioala.org Phi Beta Kappa.
  10. G. Paul Reeves, Retired Bishop of Georgia. Phi Beta Kappa.
  11. Edward L. Salmon, Bishop of South Carolina. elsalmon@dycon.com Phi Beta Kappa.
  12. Stacy Sauls, Bishop of Lexington. sfsauls@mindspring.com Phi Beta Kappa
  13. Ervine Swift, Retired Bishop of Europe. Phi Beta Kappa.
  14. John S. Thornton, Retired Bishop of Idaho and Assisting Bishop of Spokane. Phi Beta Kappa.
  15. Arthur E. Walmsley, Retired Bishop of Connecticut. a_walmsley@conknet.com Phi Beta Kappa.
  16. O'Kelley Whitaker, Retired Bishop of Central New York. okw@worldnet.att.net Phi Beta Kappa.
  17. Andrew Wissemann, Retired Bishop of Western Massachusetts. Phi Beta Kappa.
  18. Robert Witcher, Retired Bishop of Long Island. Phi Kappa Phi.
This is slightly higher than the 4.26% of the House of Deputies who graduated Phi Beta Kappa & Phi Kappa Phi. (See the full list of all ECUSA clergy in Phi Beta Kappa.)

Legal training

Four diocesan bishops (4% of the domestic ordinaries) have law degrees:

  1. Dorsey F. Henderson, Bishop of Upper South Carolina. DUSC@aol.com Stetson U BA 61. U FL Coll JD 67. VTS MDiv 77. U So DD 96. VTS DD 96. U So DD 96. VTS DD 96.
  2. Creighton Robertson, Bishop of South Dakota. CREIGHTON_ROBERTSON@ecunet.org Black Hill St Coll BS 71. U SD JD 76. U So MDiv 89.
  3. Robert Rowley, Bishop of Northwestern Pennsylvania. RDRowleyJr@aol.com U Pgh BA 62, LLB 65. GW LLM 70. ETSSw MDiv 77, DD 89.
  4. Stacy Sauls, Bishop of Lexington. sfsauls@mindspring.com Furman U BA 77. U VA JD 80. General Theological Seminary, NY MDiv 88.
That's a small portion compared with the 12 percent of all lay deputies known to be lawyers. Furthermore, 18.4 percent of all diocesan chancellors are in the House.

See Seminary Alumni Lists regarding bishops, and for additional parallel information about the House of deputies, click on Education.

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Publications

Note 33 percent of all diocesan bishops specify publications in the entries which they submitted to the Clerical Directory; whereas only 8.6% of the deputies list publications which they have authored.

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Participation in Interim Bodies

Forty-six diocsean bishops (46%) serve on interim bodies.

By contrast, only 14% of the deputies serve on interim bodies. 62.5% of persons on interim bodies are neither deputies nor bishops.

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Special Constituencies

I provide these lists to help persons connect to others with common interests and concerns. If I have omitted anyone or included anyone incorrectly, please alert me by writing to lcrew@andromeda.rutgers.edu

 

African American Bishops

  1. John Burgess, Retired Bishop of Massachusetts.
  2. Clarence Coleridge, Retired Bishop of Connecticut.
  3. Michael Curry, Bishop of North Carolina. MICHAELSHARONC@aol.com
  4. Theodore A. Daniels, Bishop of Virgin Islands. tad931@worldnet.att.net
  5. Walter Dennis, Retired Bishop Suffragan of New York.
  6. J. Zache Duracin, Bishop of Haiti. epihaiti@globelsud.net
  7. Wendell Gibbs, Bishop Coadjutor of Michigan. bishopwng@aol.com
  8. Barbara Harris, Bishop Suffragan of Massachusetts.
  9. Richard B. Martin, Retired Bishop of Long Island.
  10. Patrick Matolengwe, Dean and Bishop-in-Residence at Milwaukee.
  11. Victor Scantlebury, Resigned Bishop Suffragan of Panama, Assisting Bishop of Chicago. Bpvictor864@aol.com
  12. Chester L. Talton, Bishop Suffragan of Los Angeles. suffragan@ladiocese.org
  13. E. Don Taylor, Resigned Bishop of Virgin Islands and Assistant Bishop of New York. bishop.e.don.taylor@ecunet.org
  14. Herbert Thompson, Bishop of Southern Ohio.
  15. Franklin Turner, Bishop Suffragan of Pennsylvania.
  16. Orris G. Walker, Bishop of Long Island. dioceseli@aol.com
  17. Arthur Williams, Bishop Suffragan of Ohio. bishsuff@dohio.org
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Chinese Bishops

  1. Richard Chang, Bishop of Hawaii. rsochang@lanakila.org
  2. John C. T. Chien, Bishop of Taiwan. skhtpe@ms12.hinet.net
  3. William Choi, Retired Collegial Bishop.
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Hispanic Bishops

  1. Leopoldo Alard, Bishop Suffragan of Texas. ljalard@epicenter.org
  2. Maurice Benitez, Retired Bishop of Texas. BenTex747@aol.com
  3. Adrian Caceres, Retired Bishop of Central Equador.
  4. Leopold Frade, Bishop-Elect of Southeast Florida. frade@mayanet.hn
  5. Julio C. Holguin-Khoury, Bishop of Dominican Republic. h.khoury@codetel.net.do
  6. Telesforo Isaac, Retired Assisting Bishop of Southwest Florida.
  7. Neptali Larrea-Moreno, Bishop of Central Ecuador. ecuacen@uio.satnet.net
  8. Bernardo Merino-Botero, Bishop of Colombia.
  9. Alfredo Morante, Bishop of Litoral Ecuador.
  10. Hugo Luis Pina-Lopez, Retired Bishop of Honduras and Assistant Bishop of Central Florida.
  11. Jose Antonio Ramos, Retired Bishop of Costa Rica.
  12. Wilfrido Ramos-Orench, Bishop Suffragan-Elect of Connecticut.
  13. F. Reus-Froylan, Retired Bishop of Puerto Rico.
  14. Mechor Saucedo-Mend., Retired Bishop of Cuernavaca.
  15. Onell Soto, Assistant Bishop of Alabama. obisposoto@aol.com
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Native American Bishops

  1. Steven Charleston, Former Bishop of Alaska, President & Dean of Episcopal Divinity School. scharleston@episdivschool.org
  2. Stephen Plummer, Bishop of Navajoland.
  3. Creighton Robertson, Bishop of South Dakota. CREIGHTON_ROBERTSON@ecunet.org
  4. William Wantland, Retired Bishop of Eau Claire.
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Ivy League Graduates

  1. Robert Anderson, Resigned Bishop of Minnesota and Assistant at Church of the Holy Spirit, Chicago. Colg BA 55. Berk Danforth Fllshp 59-60, STB (cl) 61. Fell CP 70. Ya DD 77. SWTS DD 78.
  2. Charles Bennison, Bishop of Pennsylvania. cbenni4455@aol.com Lawr AB (scl) 65. SWTS 65-66. Harv BD 68, ThM 70. Claremont MA 77. Fell CP 79. Masland Fell UTS 91-92, STM 92. EDS DD 97.
  3. Frederick Borsch, Bishop of Los Angeles. Pr AB 57. Oxf AB 59, MA 63. GTS STB (cl) 60, DD 88. Birmingham U Engl PhD 66. SWTS DD 78. CDSP STD 81. Berk STD 85.
  4. James Brown, Retired Bishop of Louisiana. LSU BS 54. Austin Presb TS BD 57. GTS 64-65. Goettingen U-Germany 59-60. Fell Pr 60-63. U So DD 76. Inst for Okumenische Forschung Tubingen U-Germany 84.
  5. John Coburn, Retired Bishop of Massachusetts. Pr BA 36, DD 60. UTS BD (cl) 42. Amh DD 55. Berk DST 58. Harv DD 64. Hur DD 64. Hob DST 65. Ken DCL 68. GTS DST 68. ETS DST 69. Mid DD 70. Buc DD 71. U Kent Cbury DCL 78. Trin DD 80. Ham DST 82. Wms DD 82.
  6. James Curry, Bishop Suffragan-Elect of Connecticut. jcurry@ctdiocese.org Amherst College MA BA 70. U MA MEd 79. Yale University CT DS MDiv 85
  7. Michael Curry, Bishop of North Carolina. MICHAELSHARONC@aol.com Hobart College, NY BA 75. Yale University, CT MDiv 78
  8. Donald J. Davis, Retired Bishop of Northwestern Pennsylvania. dongray@webtv.net Westminster BA 49, DD 75. Pr BD 52. Bowling Green St U MA 71. IN U.
  9. Herbert A. Donovan, Resigned Bishop of Arkansas and Anglican Representative to the United Nations. msdonovan@msn.com U VA BA 54. VTS MDiv 57, DD 81. Fell CP 76. U So DD 85. Fell Harv DS 87.
  10. J. Clark Grew, Bishop of Ohio. bishop@dohio.org Harv BA 62. EDS MDiv 78.
  11. Frank Griswold, Presiding Bishop. Episcopal Church Center. pboffice@dfms.org Harv AB 59. GTS 59-60, DD 85. Oxf BA 62, MA 66. SWTS DD 85.
  12. Robert M Hatch, Retired Bishop of Western Massachusetts. Harv BA 33. Col MA 35. ETS BD 39. Berk STD 51. Trin DD 51. Norwich U LittD 63.
  13. Alden Hathaway, Retired Bishop of Pittsburgh. hathaway@pgh.anglican.org Cor BS 55. ETS BD 62.
  14. Clarence Hobgood, Retired Bishop Suffragan of Armed Forces. Wake Forest U BA 36. Ya BD 40. ETS 46. Command & Stff Coll Air U 57. ETSKy DD 72.
  15. Harold Hopkins, Retired Bishop of North Dakota. nhop@AOL.com U PA BA 52. GTS MDiv 55, DD 80.
  16. John W. Howe, Bishop of Central Florida. BCF3@aol.com U CT BA 64. Ya MDiv 67, DD 89. U So DD 90. Nash DD 91.
  17. George Hunt, Retired Bishop of Rhode Island. GNHunt1@aol.com U So BA 53. VTS BD 56, DD 81. Ya DD 80. Br DD 91.
  18. Robert C. Johnson, Retired Bishop of North Carolina. smanning@episdionc.org Merc AB 60. Ya MDiv 64. NC St U MA 73.
  19. William Jones, Retired Bishop of Missouri. Rhodes BA 48, DD 86. Ya BD 51. U So DD 75. Berk/Ya DD 75.
  20. Edward Lee, Bishop of Western Michigan. diowestmi@aol.com Br AB 56. GTS STB 59, DD 90.
  21. Edward MacBurney, Retired Bishop of Quincy. Dart BA 49. Berk STB 52. Oxf 52-53. S Ambr U DHum 87. Nash DD 88.
  22. Paul Moore, Retired Bishop of New York. Ya BA 41. GTS STB 49, STD 60. VTS DD 64. CCNY DHL. Berk DS DD.
  23. David B. Reed, Retired Bishop of Kentucky. DAVID.REED@ecunet.org Harv AB 48. VTS MDiv 51, DD 64. U So DD 72. ETSKy DD 82.
  24. G. Paul Reeves, Retired Bishop of Georgia. Randolph-Macon AB 40. Ya BD 43. U So DD. Nash DD.
  25. Hays H. Rockwell, Bishop of Missouri. bishop@missouri.anglican.org Br AB 58. ETS BD 61. Ken DD 74. ETSSw DD 84. St Louis U DHum 94.
  26. John-David Schofield, Bishop of San Joaquin. sjoaquin@msn.com Dart AB 60. GTS MDiv 63, DD 89.
  27. Bennett J. Sims, Retired Bishop of Atlanta. Baker U BA 43, LHD 85. VTS BD 49, DD 66. Harv Fell 64-65. CUA 69-71. U So DD 72.
  28. John H. Smith, Retired Bishop of West Virginia. jhswv@aol.com Cor AB 61. GTS STB 64, DD 90. Hartford Sem DMin 80. VTS DD 90.
  29. Philip Smith, Retired Bishop of New Hampshire. Harv BA 42. VTS BD 49, DD 70. S Aug Coll 57-58.
  30. William B. Spofford, Retired Bishop of Eastern Oregon. pollys@teleport.com Antioch BA 42. ETS BD 45. Ya SSAS U MI MSW 50. Advncd CPE 52-53. CDSP DD 68. Coll ID STD 73.
  31. Arthur A. Vogel, Retired Bishop of West Missouri. akvogel@swbell.net Nash BD 46, DCnL 69. U Chi MA 48. Harv PhD 52. GTS STD 69. U So DD 71. ETSSw DD 95.
  32. Orris G. Walker, Bishop of Long Island. dioceseli@aol.com U MD BA 64. GTS STB 68, DD 88. Fell U So 70. Drew U DMin 80. U Windsor MA 84. Ya DS DCL 88. GTF MBA 93.
  33. Huntington Williams, Retired Bishop of North Carolina. odcon@mindspring.com Harv AB 49. VTS BD 52, 69, DD 91. Fell CP 62.
  34. Arthur Williams, Bishop Suffragan of Ohio. bishsuff@dohio.org Br AB 57. GTS STB 64, DD 87. U MI MA 74.
  35. William H. Wolfrum, Retired Bishop Suffragan of Colorado. DUBNBEV@3Rivers.net Cntrl MO St BS 49. Cor MS 53. ETSSw BD 59, DD 81.
  36. Stewart Wood, Bishop of Michigan. Dart AB 56. VTS MDiv, BD 59. Ball St U MA 73.


For parallel information on the House of deputies, click on Special Constituencies.

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Seminary Alumni

 
Berkeley/Yale General Theological Seminary Union Theological Seminary
Bexley Hall Harvard Divinity School University of the South 
Church Divinity School of the Pacific Nashota House Virginia Theological Seminary
Episcopal Divinity School Seabury-Western Yale Divinity School
Episcopal Theological Seminary of the Southwest  Trinity Episcopal School for Ministry

Berkeley/Yale

  1. Charles L. Longest, Retired Bishop Suffragan of Maryland. 848longest@msn.com U MD BA 56. Berk STB 59, DD 89.
  2. John Said, Bishop Suffragan of Southeast Florida. bishopsaid@aol.com Wabash AB 55. Berk STB 58, DD 96.
  3. Calvin Schofield, Retirind Bishop of Southeast Florida. DioseF@aol.com Hob BA 59, STD 80. Berk MDiv 62, DD 79. U So DD 84.
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Bexley Hall

  1. Douglas E. Theuner, Bishop of New Hampshire. DOUGLAS.THEUNER@ECUNET.ORG Wooster BA 60. Bex BD 62. U CT MA 68.
  2. William W. Wiedrich, Retired Bishop Suffragan of Chicago. U MI BA 53. Bex 56.

Church Divinity School of the Pacific

  1. Richard Chang, Bishop of Hawaii. rsochang@lanakila.org Trin AB (cl) 63. CDSP 66. U HI 69-70. LAND 77.
  2. Andrew Fairfield, Bishop of North Dakota. north.dakota.office@ecunet.org Trin BA 65. CDSP BD 68.
  3. Claude Payne, Bishop of Texas. dotbp@epicenter.org Rice BA 54, BS 55. CDSP MDiv 64, DD 88.
  4. Chester L. Talton, Bishop Suffragan of Los Angeles. suffragan@ladiocese.org CA St Coll-Hayward BS 65. CDSP BD 70, DD 92.
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Episcopal Divinity School

(combines the earlier Episcopal Theological Seminary and Philiadelphia Divinity School)
  1. George W. Barrett, Retired Bishop of Rochester and Assisting Bishop of Los Angeles. U CA BA 30. ETS BD 33. Occ DD 52. GTS STD 63. Hob STD 63. Alfred U LHD 63.
  2. Michael Creighton, Bishop of Central Pennsylvania. Bishopcpa@aol.com Trin BA 62. ETS BD 68.
  3. William Gregg, Bishop-Elect of Eastern Oregon. wogre@conncoll.edu University of Richmond, VA BA 73. Episcopal Divinity School, MA MDiv 77. Boston MA 80. Notre Dame MA 90, PhD 94.
  4. J. Clark Grew, Bishop of Ohio. bishop@dohio.org Harv BA 62. EDS MDiv 78.
  5. Donald P. Hart, Resigned Bishop of Hawaii and Assisting Bishop of Southern Virginia. Wms BA 59. ETS BD 62.
  6. Alden Hathaway, Retired Bishop of Pittsburgh. hathaway@pgh.anglican.org Cor BS 55. ETS BD 62.
  7. Barry Howe, Bishop of West Missouri. barryroberthowe@cs.com Ge AB 64. PDS MDiv 67. U So DMin 89.
  8. Robert Ihloff, Bishop of Maryland. Rihloff@ang-md.org Urs BA 64. ETS MDiv 67. Cntrl CT St MA 71. Fell CP 75. Boston Gestalt Inst 77-78. EDS DMin 86, DD 96. Camb Sabbatical 92.
  9. Rustin Kimsey, Bishop of Eastern Oregon. rustin@gorge.net U OR BS 57. ETS BD 60. Coll ID DD.
  10. Vincent Pettit, Retired Bishop Suffragan of New Jersey. vinpett@aol.com Rut BS 50. PDS STM 58. Tem STM 63. NYTS STM 81. GTS DD.
  11. William Persell, Bishop of Chicago. dskidmore@epischicago.org 65 Hobart. 81 Episcopal Divinity School MDiv
  12. F. Neff Powell, Bishop of Southwestern Virginia. npowell@dioswva.org Claremont McKenna BA 70. EDS MDiv 73. Fell Coll Prchrs.
  13. John Rabb, Bishop Suffragan of Maryland. jrabb@ang-md.org DePauw U BA 66. U IA MA 69. EDS MDiv 76.
  14. Hays H. Rockwell, Bishop of Missouri. bishop@missouri.anglican.org Br AB 58. ETS BD 61. Ken DD 74. ETSSw DD 84. St Louis U DHum 94.
  15. William Smalley, Bishop of Kansas. wsmalley@episcopal-ks.org Leh BA 62. ETS STM 65. Tem MSEd 70. Wesley TS DMin 87.
  16. Geralyn Wolf, Bishop of Rhode Island. bishop@episcopalri.org W Chester St BS 68. Trenton St MA 71. EDS MDiv 77.
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Episcopal Theological Seminary of the Southwest

  1. Larry Maze, Bishop of Arkansas. Bishopmaze@aol.com No MT Coll BS. MT St MS. ETSSw MDiv.
  2. Robert Rowley, Bishop of Northwestern Pennsylvania. RDRowleyJr@aol.com U Pgh BA 62, LLB 65. GW LLM 70. ETSSw MDiv 77, DD 89.
  3. William Sterling, Retired Bishop Suffragan of Texas. wsterlin@neosoft.com U Houston BBA 49. ETSSw MDiv 57, 77, 79-80, DD 90. CP 80, 86-87.
  4. William H. Wolfrum, Retired Bishop Suffragan of Colorado. DUBNBEV@3Rivers.net Cntrl MO St BS 49. Cor MS 53. ETSSw BD 59, DD 81.
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General Theological Seminary

  1. David Ball, Retired Bishop of Albany. swanelk@msn.com Colg BA 50. GTS STB 53, DD 84.
  2. Frederick Borsch, Bishop of Los Angeles. Pr AB 57. Oxf AB 59, MA 63. GTS STB (cl) 60, DD 88. Birmingham U Engl PhD 66. SWTS DD 78. CDSP STD 81. Berk STD 85.
  3. John Buchanan, Retired Bishop of West Missouri. VA MDiv 77
  4. William Burrill, Retired Bishop of Rochester and Assisting Bishop of Arizona. BILL.BURRILL@ecunet.org U So BA 55. GTS STB 59, DD 85.
  5. Bruce Caldwell, Bishop of Wyoming. U So FL BA 73. GTS MDiv 78.
  6. Frank Cerveny, Retired Bishop of Florida. Trin BA 55, DD 77, STD. GTS MDiv 58, DD 76. U So DD 76. ETSKy STD 79, DD.
  7. Walter Dennis, Retired Bishop Suffragan of New York. VA St BA 52. NYU MA 53. GTS STB 56, DD 80. Intrdenomnatnl TS DD 77. VA St U LHD 83. EPS SW LHD 83.
  8. Joe Doss, Bishop of New Jersey. LSU BA 65, JD 68. GTS STB 71, DD 82.
  9. Robert Duncan, Bishop of Pittsburgh. duncan@pgh.anglican.org Trin AB (cl) 70. U Edinburgh. GTS MDiv 73.
  10. Christopher Epting, Bishop of Iowa. BISHOP.EPTING@ECUNET.ORG U FL BA. SWTS MDiv. GTS STM, DD.
  11. Frank Griswold, Presiding Bishop. Episcopal Church Center. pboffice@dfms.org Harv AB 59. GTS 59-60, DD 85. Oxf BA 62, MA 66. SWTS DD 85.
  12. Ronald H. Haines, Bishop of Washington. rhaines@cathedral.org U DE BEngr 56. LI Dioc TS 66. GTS MDiv 67, STM 79, DD 87. VTS DD 87.
  13. Robert Hibbs, Bishop Suffragan of West Texas. BPHIBBS@AOL.COM Trin BA 54. GTS STB 57. U Tor MA 59.
  14. Harold Hopkins, Retired Bishop of North Dakota. nhop@AOL.com U PA BA 52. GTS MDiv 55, DD 80.
  15. Jack Iker, Bishop of Fort Worth. jliker@dfw.net U Cinc BA 71. GTS MDiv 74.
  16. Stephen Jecko, Bishop of Florida. bfl7@crci.net Syr BS 64. GTS MDiv 67. VTS DMin 82. U So DD 95. GTS DD 94. VTS DD 95.
  17. James Jelinek, Bishop of Minnesota. gary.gleason@ecunet.org L'Universite Laval Cert 63. Carthage BA 64. Van 64-67. GTS STB 70, DD 94.
  18. James A. Kelsey, Bishop of Northern Michigan. Jim82752@aol.com Ithaca BA 74. General Theological Seminary, NY MDiv 77
  19. Robert Ladehoff, Bishop of Oregon. robertl@diocese-oregon.org Duke U BA 54. GTS STB 57. VTS DMin 80.
  20. Edward Lee, Bishop of Western Michigan. diowestmi@aol.com Br AB 56. GTS STB 59, DD 90.
  21. John Lipscomb, Bishop of Southwest Florida. jlipscom@dioceseswfla.org U NC BA 73. U So MDiv 74. GTF DMin 86.
  22. Paul Marshall, Bishop of Bethlehem. bishop@diobeth.org Concordia-IN AB 69. Concordia-MO MDiv 73. GTS Fell/Lectr 77-82, ThD 82.
  23. Henry Parsley, Bishop of Alabama. hparsley@dioala.org U So BA (mcl) 70. GTS MDiv 73.
  24. Kenneth Price, Bishop Suffragan of Southern Ohio. BishopKen@aol.com WV U AB 65. GTS STB 68, DD 95. Marshall U MA 74.
  25. Thomas K. Ray, Retired Bishop of Northern Michigan. ThomasKRay@aol.com U MI BA 56. GTS STB 59.
  26. Catherine S. Roskam, Bishop Suffragan of New York. csr125@aol.com Mid BA 65. GTS MDiv (cl) 84.
  27. Stacy Sauls, Bishop of Lexington. sfsauls@mindspring.com Furman U BA 77. U VA JD 80. General Theological Seminary, NY MDiv 88.
  28. John-David Schofield, Bishop of San Joaquin. sjoaquin@msn.com Dart AB 60. GTS MDiv 63, DD 89.
  29. Thomas Shaw, Bishop of Massachusetts. Alma BA 67. GTS MDiv 70, DD 93. CUA MA 76. SWTS DD 92.
  30. Mark S. Sisk, Bishop Coadjutor of New York. marksisk@worldnet.att.net U MD BS 64. GTS STB 67, DD 85.
  31. John H. Smith, Retired Bishop of West Virginia. jhswv@aol.com Cor AB 61. GTS STB 64, DD 90. Hartford Sem DMin 80. VTS DD 90.
  32. Herbert Thompson, Bishop of Southern Ohio. Linc AB (cl) 62. GTS MDiv 65, DD 89. UTS DMin 92. Ken DD.
  33. Orris G. Walker, Bishop of Long Island. dioceseli@aol.com U MD BA 64. GTS STB 68, DD 88. Fell U So 70. Drew U DMin 80. U Windsor MA 84. Ya DS DCL 88. GTF MBA 93.
  34. Arthur Williams, Bishop Suffragan of Ohio. bishsuff@dohio.org Br AB 57. GTS STB 64, DD 87. U MI MA 74.
  35. William J. Winterrowd, Bishop of Colorado. bishop@coloradodiocese.org Centenary BA 59. GTS STB 63.
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Harvard Divinity School

  1. Charles Bennison, Bishop of Pennsylvania. cbenni4455@aol.com Lawr AB (scl) 65. SWTS 65-66. Harv BD 68, ThM 70. Claremont MA 77. Fell CP 79. Masland Fell UTS 91-92, STM 92. EDS DD 97.
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Nashota House

  1. Keith Ackerman, Bishop of Quincy. DoQ@ocslink.com U Pgh. Penn. Marymount BS 71. Nash MDiv 74, DD 94.
  2. Peter Beckwith, Bishop of Springfield. PHBXEBS@MIDWEST.NET Hillsdale AB 61, DTh 88. U So MDiv 64. Nash STM 74, LHD 92.
  3. Francis Gray, Retired Bishop of Northern Indiana and Assistant Bishop of Virginia. fcgray@thediocese.net Rol BA 66. Nash BD 69, STM 79, DD 87.
  4. Richard F. Grein, Bishop of New York. cybersexton@dioceseny.org Carl BA 55. Nash MDiv 59, STM 71, DD 82. Fell CP 70. GTS DD 89.
  5. Dan Herzog, Bishop of Albany. dherzog@christcom.net S Bonaventure U BA 64. Nash 70. S Lawr U MEd 71.
  6. Russell E. Jacobus, Bishop of Fond du Lac. bishop@episcopalfonddulac.org U WI BA 67. Nash MDiv 70.
  7. Charles Jenkins, Bishop of Louisiana. bishoflouisiana@mindspring.com LA Tech U BA 73. Nash MDiv 76, DD 92.
  8. Edwin Leidel, Bishop of Eastern Michigan. DAVID.REED@ecunet.org U WI BS 61. Nash MDiv 64. U So DMin 90.
  9. Patrick Matolengwe, Dean and Bishop-in-Residence at Milwaukee. Bp Gray Theol Coll Dplma Theol 63. Federal TS of Sthrn Afr Cert Theol 65. Nash MTS 92, DD 92.
  10. C. Wallis Ohl, Bishop of Northwest Texas. wallisohl@hub.ofthe.net U So BA 65. Nash MDiv 74.
  11. Robert Shahan, Bishop of Arizona. RobRShahan@aol.com U KS BS 61. MI St U MBA 67. Nash MDiv 73. NWU PhD 79. SWTS DD 94.
  12. Keith Whitmore, Bishop of Eau Claire. dioeau@aol.com U WI 72-74. Nashotah House, WI MDiv 77. Marian BS 83.
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Seabury-Western

  1. Charles E. Bennison, Retired Bishop of Western Michigan and Assisting Bishop of California. Mhbenn@aol.com U MN BA 39. SWTS BD (cl) 42, DD 60.
  2. Christopher Epting, Bishop of Iowa. BISHOP.EPTING@ECUNET.ORG U FL BA. SWTS MDiv. GTS STM, DD.
  3. Wendell Gibbs, Bishop Coadjutor of Michigan. bishopwng@aol.com Towson St U BA 77. Seabury-Western Theological Seminary, IL MDiv 87.
  4. Sanford Hampton, Resigned Bishop Suffragan of Minnesota and Assisting Bishop of Olympia. shampton@olympia.anglican.org NWU BS 56. SWTS MDiv 66, DD 90.
  5. Chilton Knudsen, Bishop of Maine. Chilton.knudsen@ecunet.org Chatham BA 68. SWTS MDiv 80.
  6. James Krotz, Bishop of Nebraska. diocese@episcopal-ne.org BA. Sea MDiv.
  7. Edward Little, Bishop of Northern Indiana. NorthInd7@juno.com University of Southern California AB 68. Seabury-Western Theological Seminary, IL MDiv 71.
  8. Rodney Michel, Bishop Suffragan of Long Island. RodMitre@aol.com NE Wesl U 61-63. U NE BS 65. SWTS BD 70.
  9. Frederick Putnam, Retired Bishop of Native American Ministries. U MN BA 39. SWTS MDiv 42, DD 63. Fell CP.
  10. Robert G. Tharp, Retired Bishop of East Tennessee. Bpetn2nd@aol.com Wesl BA 50. SWTS MDiv 56. Lon 68. U So DD 91. SWTS DCL 91.
  11. Charles Vache, Retired Bishop of Southern Virginia and Assisting Bishop of West Virginia. U NC BA 49. SWTS MDiv 52, DD 76. Fell CP 61. SWTS DD 76. S Paul DD 77.
  12. O'Kelley Whitaker, Retired Bishop of Central New York. okw@worldnet.att.net Duke U BA 49. SWTS MDiv 52, DD 81.
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Trinity Episcopal School for Ministry

 
None yet

Union Theological Seminary

  1. Herbert Edmondson, Retired Collegial Bishop. Mico Tchrs Coll Hons. Lon BA 50, BD 54. UTS MDiv 61. Glassboro St MA 68. Trin Sem PhD (scl).
  2. George Packard, Bishop Suffragan of Armed Forces. gpackard@dfms.org Hobart College, NY BA 66. US-A Chapl Sch 73. Virginia Theological Seminary, VA MDiv 74. Union Theological Seminary, NY STM 84.
  3. Jeffery Rowthorn, Resigned Bishop Suffragan of Connecticut and Retired Bishop Assisting with The Convocation of American Churches in Europe. ecusa.eu@american-cath.asso.fr Camb BA 57, MA 62. UTS BD 61. Oxf BLitt 72. Fell UTS. Berk DD 87.

University of the South

(including undergraduate degrees)
  1. Frank K. Allan, Retired Bishop of Atlanta. fallan@mindspring.com Emory U BA 56, DMin 77. U So MDiv 59, STM 70. Fell CP DD 88.
  2. Craig Anderson, Retired Bishop of South Dakota and Headmaster of St. Paul's School, NH. anderson@sps.edu Valparaiso U BA 63, DHL 93. U So MDiv 75, DD 87. Van MA 81, PhD 86.
  3. Allen Bartlett, Retired Bishop of Pennsylvania. allen.jerrie@worldnet.att.net U So BA 51, DD 88. VTS MDiv 58, DMin 80, DD 86. ETSKy DD 84.
  4. Peter Beckwith, Bishop of Springfield. PHBXEBS@MIDWEST.NET Hillsdale AB 61, DTh 88. U So MDiv 64. Nash STM 74, LHD 92.
  5. Maurice Benitez, Retired Bishop of Texas. BenTex747@aol.com USMA BS 49. U So BD 58, DD 73.
  6. Edmond Browning, Retired Presiding Bishop.. formerpb@aol.com U So BA 52, BD 54, DD 70. Japanese Lang Sch 63-65.
  7. William Burrill, Retired Bishop of Rochester and Assisting Bishop of Arizona. BILL.BURRILL@ecunet.org U So BA 55. GTS STB 59, DD 85.
  8. James Coleman, Bishop of West Tennessee. edwt1@usit.net U TN BS 53. U So MDiv 56. Wake Forest U DMin 75.
  9. Alex D. Dickson, Retired Bishop of West Tennessee. add@allsaintspawleys.org U MS BBA 49. U So MDiv 58, DD 85. MS Coll MEd 71.
  10. Leopold Frade, Bishop-Elect of Southeast Florida. frade@mayanet.hn Asbury Coll. Biscayne BA 78. Candler BL 58. U So MDiv 77. GTS DD 82.
  11. Rogers Harris, Retired Bishop of Southwest Florida. RSHKeowee@aol.com U So BA 52, BD 57, STM 69, DD 86. VTS DMin 77, DD 86.
  12. Bertram Herlong, Bishop of Tennessee. U FL BAE 56. U So MDiv 59, STM 70, DD 93. NYTS DMin 81.
  13. Barry Howe, Bishop of West Missouri. barryroberthowe@cs.com Ge AB 64. PDS MDiv 67. U So DMin 89.
  14. Charles Jones, Bishop of Montana. BPCI@aol.com Cit BS 65. U NC MBA 66. U So MDiv 77, DD 89. LAND 82. S Geo Coll 76.
  15. Charles Keyser, Retired Bishop Suffragan of Armed Forces. bshp854@aol.com U So BA 51, MDiv 54, DD 93.
  16. Edwin Leidel, Bishop of Eastern Michigan. DAVID.REED@ecunet.org U WI BS 61. Nash MDiv 64. U So DMin 90.
  17. John Lipscomb, Bishop of Southwest Florida. jlipscom@dioceseswfla.org U NC BA 73. U So MDiv 74. GTF DMin 86.
  18. Henry I. Louttit, Bishop of Georgia. BishopofGA@aol.com U So AB, DD 96. VTS BD 63, DD 93.
  19. Alfred C. Marble, Bishop of Mississippi. Kathryn.Weathersby@ecunet.org U MS BA 58. U Edinburgh Scotland 64-65. U So BD 67.
  20. Mary Adelia McLeod, Bishop of Vermont. mamcleod@dioceseofvermont.org U So LTh 80. Smith LHD 94. EDS DD 94. U Charleston DD 96.
  21. Henry Parsley, Bishop of Alabama. hparsley@dioala.org U So BA (mcl) 70. GTS MDiv 73.
  22. Creighton Robertson, Bishop of South Dakota. CREIGHTON_ROBERTSON@ecunet.org Black Hill St Coll BS 71. U SD JD 76. U So MDiv 89.
  23. Edward L. Salmon, Bishop of South Carolina. elsalmon@dycon.com U So AB 56. VTS BD 60.
  24. Harry Shipps, Retired Bishop of Georgia. LHShipps@aol.com NY St Maritime Acad 46. U So TS GD 58, DD 86.
  25. William Skilton, Bishop Suffragan of South Carolina. BSKILTON@dycon.com Cit BS. U So LTh.
  26. Onell Soto, Assistant Bishop of Alabama. obisposoto@aol.com U Havana Cuba 56. U So STM 64, DD 88.
  27. Furman Stough, Retired Bishop of Alabama. U So BA 51, BD 55, DD 71.
  28. Wayne Wright, Bishop of Delaware. wright@delanet.com W&M BA 75. U So MDiv 80.
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Virginia Theological Seminary

  1. David Bane, Bishop of Southern Virginia. DCBJR@AOL.COM Bethany BA 64. WV U MBA 70. VTS MDiv 85.
  2. Allen Bartlett, Retired Bishop of Pennsylvania. allen.jerrie@worldnet.att.net U So BA 51, DD 88. VTS MDiv 58, DMin 80, DD 86. ETSKy DD 84.
  3. David Bena, Bishop Suffragan of Albany. Stetson U BA 65. Virginia Theological Seminary, VA MDiv 73. Air Cmdr & Stff Coll 80-81. GTF DMin 86. Air War Coll 88. 80-81. GTF DMin 86. Air War Coll 88
  4. David Bowman, Retired Bishop of Western New York. davidc@oh.verio.com OH U AB 55. VTS BD 60.
  5. Jon Bruno, Bishop Coadjutor of Los Angeles. brunojj@earthlink.net CA St BA 73. Virginia Theological Seminary MDiv 77
  6. John C. T. Chien, Bishop of Taiwan. skhtpe@ms12.hinet.net Tunghai U-Tai BA 63. Tainan TS BD 67. VTS STM 74. Selly Oaks 85.
  7. John P. Croneberger, Bishop of Newark. Bshpjpcnwk@worldnet.att.net Leh BA 60. VTS MDiv 63.
  8. Clifton Daniel, Bishop of East Carolina. diocese.ec@coastalnet.com U NC-Chapl Hill AB 69. VTS MDiv 72. S Geo-J 77. CP 80. GTU-Berk 84.
  9. Jane Dixon, Bishop Suffragan of Washington. jdixon@cathedral.org Van BA 59, MAT 62. VTS MDiv 81, DD 83.
  10. Herbert A. Donovan, Resigned Bishop of Arkansas and Anglican Representative to the United Nations. msdonovan@msn.com U VA BA 54. VTS MDiv 57, DD 81. Fell CP 76. U So DD 85. Fell Harv DS 87.
  11. Charles Duvall, Bishop of Central Gulf Coast. staff@diocgc.org Cit AB 57. VTS MDiv 60, DD 82. U So DD 86.
  12. James E. Folts, Bishop of West Texas. BPFOLTS@AOL.COM Trin U BA 62. VTS MDiv 65.
  13. Jackson Earle Gilliam, Retired Bishop of Montana and Assisting Bishop of Hawaii. rtrevjg@aloha.net Towson St U BA 77. Seabury-Western Theological
  14. J. Gary Gloster, Bishop Suffragan of North Carolina. ggloster@episdionc.org Seminary
  15. Duncan Gray III, Bishop Coadjutor of Mississippi. duncan.m.gray.iii@ecunet.org U MS BA 71. Virginia Theological Seminary, VA MDiv 75.
  16. Edwin Gulick, Bishop of Kentucky. TGULICK@ecunet.org Lynchburg BA 70. VTS MDiv 73. Shalem Inst WDC.
  17. Dorsey F. Henderson, Bishop of Upper South Carolina. DUSC@aol.com Stetson U BA 61. U FL Coll JD 67. VTS MDiv 77. U So DD 96. VTS DD 96. U So DD 96. VTS DD 96.
  18. Sam Hulsey, Retired Bishop of Northwest Texas. W&L BA 53. VTS MDiv 58, DD 81. U So DD 85.
  19. Carolyn Irish, Bishop of Utah. cirish@episcopal-ut.org U MI BA 62. Oxf MLitt 68. VTS MDiv 83.
  20. Stephen Jecko, Bishop of Florida. bfl7@crci.net Syr BS 64. GTS MDiv 67. VTS DMin 82. U So DD 95. GTS DD 94. VTS DD 95.
  21. Robert H. Johnson, Bishop of Western North Carolina. bishop@diocesewnc.org U FL BSBA 56. VTS BD 63, DD 90. U So DD 90.
  22. David Jones, Bishop Suffragan of Virginia. David_Colin_Jones@ecunet.org WV U AB 65. VTS MDiv 68, DMin 91. CP 74, 80.
  23. Edward W. Jones, Retired Bishop of Indianapolis. hob719@aol.com Wms BA 51. VTS BD 54, DD 78. De Pauw U DHL 82. U Indianapolis DHL 85.
  24. Robert Ladehoff, Bishop of Oregon. robertl@diocese-oregon.org Duke U BA 54. GTS STB 57. VTS DMin 80.
  25. Peter Lee, Bishop of Virginia. pjlee@thediocese.net W&L AB 60. Duke Law Sch 63-64. VTS BD 67, DD 84. U So DD 93.
  26. Henry I. Louttit, Bishop of Georgia. BishopofGA@aol.com U So AB, DD 96. VTS BD 63, DD 93.
  27. F. Clayton Matthews, Resigned Bishop Suffragan Virginia of and Director of the Office of Pastoral Development. F_Clayton_Matthews@ecunet.org Hampden Sydney BA. VTS MDiv, DD.
  28. Jack McKelvey, Bishop of Rochester. BpJackM@aol.com U DE BA 63. VTS MDiv 66, DD 92. GTU 86, 88.
  29. Charlie McNutt, Retired Bishop of Central Pennsylvania. cfmcn@ezonline.com W&L BA 53. VTS MDiv 56, DD 81. FL St U MS 70. Lebanon Vlly Coll of PA DD 96.
  30. Robert Moody, Bishop of Oklahoma. Bishrmoody@episcopaloklahoma.org Rice U BA 62. U TX 62-63. VTS MDiv 66, DD 88. S Geo-J 81.
  31. George Packard, Bishop Suffragan of Armed Forces. gpackard@dfms.org Hobart College, NY BA 66. US-A Chapl Sch 73. Virginia Theological Seminary, VA MDiv 74. Union Theological Seminary, NY STM 84.
  32. Edward L. Salmon, Bishop of South Carolina. elsalmon@dycon.com U So AB 56. VTS BD 60.
  33. Richard L. Shimpfky, Bishop of El Camino Real. rlsecr@thegrid.net U CO BA 63. VTS MDiv 70, DD 91.
  34. John S. Spong, Retired Bishop of Newark. cmsctm@aol.com U NC AB 52. VTS MDiv 55, DD 77. S Paul VA DD 76.
  35. Vernon E. Strickland, Bishop of Western Kansas. Carson-Newman BA 67. Candler TS 67-69. VTS BD 70.
  36. William E. Swing, Bishop of California. bishop@diocal.org Ken AB 58. VTS BD 61, DD 80. Ken DD 80.
  37. Cabell Tennis, Retired Bishop of Delaware and Assisting Bishop of Spokane. cabell-hyde@email.msn.com W&M BA 54, JD 56. VTS MDiv 64, DD 88.
  38. Martin Townsend, Bishop of Easton. townsendmg@aol.com Hob BA 65. VTS MDiv 68.
  39. Frank Vest, Retired Bishop of Southern Virginia. avest@juno.com Roa BA (scl) 59. VTS MDiv (cl) 62, DD 85. U So 65, DD 87. S Paul Coll LHD 91.
  40. Charles vonRosenberg, Bishop of East Tennessee. CGvonR@etdiocese.net USo. UNC BA 69. VTS MDiv 75.
  41. James E. Waggoner, Jr., Bishop-Elect of Spokane. canonjim@aol.com Marshall U BA 73. Virginia Theological Seminary, VA MDiv 79, Cont Educ Fell 85
  42. Vincent Warner, Bishop of Olympia. vwarner@olympia.anglican.org VTS Cert 71, DD 90.
  43. Huntington Williams, Retired Bishop of North Carolina. odcon@mindspring.com Harv AB 49. VTS BD 52, 69, DD 91. Fell CP 62.
  44. Don Wimberly, Assistant Bishop of Texas. dwimberly@epicenter.org LSU BS 59. VTS MDiv 71, DD 88. U So DD 88.
  45. Stewart Wood, Bishop of Michigan. Dart AB 56. VTS MDiv, BD 59. Ball St U MA 73.
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Yale Divinity

  1. James Curry, Bishop Suffragan-Elect of Connecticut. jcurry@ctdiocese.org Amherst College MA BA 70. U MA MEd 79. Yale University CT DS MDiv 85
  2. Michael Curry, Bishop of North Carolina. MICHAELSHARONC@aol.com Hobart College, NY BA 75. Yale University, CT MDiv 78
  3. John W. Howe, Bishop of Central Florida. BCF3@aol.com U CT BA 64. Ya MDiv 67, DD 89. U So DD 90. Nash DD 91.
  4. Robert C. Johnson, Retired Bishop of North Carolina. smanning@episdionc.org Merc AB 60. Ya MDiv 64. NC St U MA 73.
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Last Assignment before Election

Of the 132 active bishops, 94 (71%) were in parochial assignments on election, with the average parish size of 773 communicants. That is much, much larger than the 531 average parish size of all deputies to General Convention in 2000.

It is even larger still than the average parish size throughout ECUSA, 239 (based on 7,384 parishes with 1,763,650 communicants, as reported for 1998 in the 2000 Episcopal Church Annual).

Twenty-five domestic ordinaries formerly in parochial assignments now oversee dioceses with 20,000+ communicants; before election, these worked in parishes that averaged 1,067 communicants.

Twenty-two bishops formerly in parochial assignments now oversee dioceses with under 9,000 communicants; before election, these worked in parishes that averaged 368 communicants.

It is clear that the size of a candidate's current assignment substantially influences dioceses when they elect bishops. In general, candidates with the bigger parochial assignments go to the bigger dioceses. This was not true in two out of the last three elections for Presiding Bishop, with the election of the Bishop of Mississippi (currently 36th in size out of 100 domestic dioceses) and the Bishop of Hawaii (currently 79st).  Most Rev. Frank Griswold was, upon election at Presiding Bishop, the Bishop of Chicago, currently our 12th largest diocese.

See Proportion of the Flock below. See also a list of the Largest churches in ECUSA, Towards the Final Sprint of the Decade of Evangelism and the earlier Halfway Through the Decade of Evangelism  and The Small Church.

Thiirty-eight (29%) of  132 active bishops were in non-parochial assignments when they were elected:
 

  1. Leopoldo Alard, Bishop Suffragan of Texas. ljalard@epicenter.org Assignment when elected: Non-parochial. Canon for hispanic ministries
  2. Charles Bennison, Bishop of Pennsylvania. cbenni4455@aol.com Assignment when elected: Non parochial. EDS Professor
  3. Frederick Borsch, Bishop of Los Angeles. Assignment when elected: Nonparochial. Princeton U. Chapel Dean. Professor.
  4. Richard Chang, Bishop of Hawaii. rsochang@lanakila.org Assignment when elected: Non-parochial. Assistant to the Presiding Bishop
  5. Steven Charleston, Former Bishop of Alaska, President & Dean of Episcopal Divinity School. scharleston@episdivschool.org Assignment when elected: Professor at Northwestern TS
  6. James Curry, Bishop Suffragan-Elect of Connecticut. jcurry@ctdiocese.org Assignment when elected: Canon to the Ordinary
  7. Robert Duncan, Bishop of Pittsburgh. duncan@pgh.anglican.org Assignment when elected: Non-parochial, Canon to the Ordinary in Pittsburgh
  8. Andrew Fairfield, Bishop of North Dakota. north.dakota.office@ecunet.org Assignment when elected: Non-parochial. Staff of Diocese of Alaska.
  9. Leopold Frade, Bishop-Elect of Southeast Florida. frade@mayanet.hn Assignment when elected: Non-parochial. National Evangelism Coordinator, Province 4
  10. Michael Garrison, Bishop of Western New York. michael.garrison4@gte.net Assignment when elected: St. Matthew, Las Vegas, NV. Regional Vicar
  11. Richard F. Grein, Bishop of New York. cybersexton@dioceseny.org Assignment when elected: Non-parochial. Bishop of Kansas, 81-; St. Michae's and All Angels, Mission Kansas.
  12. Ronald H. Haines, Bishop of Washington. rhaines@cathedral.org Assignment when elected: Non-parochial. Elected diocesan while suffragan of Washington, and before that non-parochial as Bishop's Deputy of the Diocese of Western NC
  13. Barbara Harris, Bishop Suffragan of Massachusetts. Assignment when elected: non-parochial. Director of the Episcopal Church Publishing Co.
  14. Carolyn Irish, Bishop of Utah. cirish@episcopal-ut.org Assignment when elected: Non-parochial. 3 parttime assignments in Washington, DC
  15. Stephen Jecko, Bishop of Florida. bfl7@crci.net Assignment when elected: Non-parochial. Assistant to Bishop of Florida
  16. James A. Kelsey, Bishop of Northern Michigan. Jim82752@aol.com Assignment when elected: Diocesan Ministry Coordinator, Marquette, MI
  17. Terence Kelshaw, Bishop of Rio Grande. tkelshaw@aol.com Assignment when elected: Non-parochial. Professor at Trinity School for Ministry
  18. Chilton Knudsen, Bishop of Maine. Chilton.knudsen@ecunet.org Assignment when elected: St James Cathedral, Chicago. Canon
  19. James Krotz, Bishop of Nebraska. diocese@episcopal-ne.org Assignment when elected: St. Matthew's Lincoln. Rector
  20. Jerry A. Lamb, Bishop of Northern California. Diocese_NCalif@quiknet.com Assignment when elected: Non-parochial. Assistant to Bishop of Oregon
  21. Neptali Larrea-Moreno, Bishop of Central Ecuador. ecuacen@uio.satnet.net Assignment when elected: Non-parochial
  22. D. Bruce MacPherson, Bishop Suffragan of Dallas. dbmdallas@flash.net Assignment when elected: Canon to the Ordinary, Dallas
  23. Alfred C. Marble, Bishop of Mississippi. Kathryn.Weathersby@ecunet.org Assignment when elected: Non-parochial. Staff assistant to Bishop of Eastern Carolina
  24. Paul Marshall, Bishop of Bethlehem. bishop@diobeth.org Assignment when elected: Non-parochial. Professor at Yale Divinity School
  25. Patrick Matolengwe, Dean and Bishop-in-Residence at Milwaukee. Assignment when elected: non-parochial. Received as bishop from South Africa in 1990.
  26. F. Clayton Matthews, Resigned Bishop Suffragan Virginia of and Director of the Office of Pastoral Development. F_Clayton_Matthews@ecunet.org Assignment when elected: Non-parochial. Canon to the Ordinary
  27. Bernardo Merino-Botero, Bishop of Colombia. Assignment when elected: Non-parochial. Archdeacon of Colombia
  28. William Persell, Bishop of Chicago. dskidmore@epischicago.org Assignment when elected: Trinity Cathedral, Cleveland. Dean
  29. F. Neff Powell, Bishop of Southwestern Virginia. npowell@dioswva.org Assignment when elected: Non-parochial. Executive Assistant to the Bishop of Oregon
  30. Wilfrido Ramos-Orench, Bishop Suffragan-Elect of Connecticut. Assignment when elected: Team ministry in Bridgeport
  31. Catherine S. Roskam, Bishop Suffragan of New York. csr125@aol.com Assignment when elected: Non-parochial. Missioner for the Diocese of California
  32. Robert Rowley, Bishop of Northwestern Pennsylvania. RDRowleyJr@aol.com Assignment when elected: non-parochial. Canon to the Bishop of Bethlehem.
  33. Thomas Shaw, Bishop of Massachusetts. Assignment when elected: Non-parochial. Superior of SSJE
  34. Mark S. Sisk, Bishop Coadjutor of New York. marksisk@worldnet.att.net Assignment when elected: Dean, Seabury-Western
  35. Vernon E. Strickland, Bishop of Western Kansas. Assignment when elected: Non-parochial. Canon to the Ordinary, Wyoming.
  36. Franklin Turner, Bishop Suffragan of Pennsylvania. Assignment when elected: Non-parochial. Assistant to Bp. of PA for congregations
  37. James E. Waggoner, Jr., Bishop-Elect of Spokane. canonjim@aol.com Assignment when elected: Canon to the Ordinary in West Virginia
  38. Arthur Williams, Bishop Suffragan of Ohio. bishsuff@dohio.org Assignment when elected: Non-parochial. Archdeacon of Ohio


Nine (6.8%) of the 132 active bishops were deans of cathedrals when they were elected:
 

  1. Frederick Borsch, Bishop of Los Angeles. Assignment when elected: Nonparochial. Princeton U. Chapel Dean. Professor.
  2. Jon Bruno, Bishop Coadjutor of Los Angeles. brunojj@earthlink.net Assignment when elected: Cathedral of St. John's, Los Angeles. Dean
  3. John C. T. Chien, Bishop of Taiwan. skhtpe@ms12.hinet.net Assignment when elected: St. John's Cathedral, Taipei. Dean.
  4. Dorsey F. Henderson, Bishop of Upper South Carolina. DUSC@aol.com Assignment when elected: Cathedral of St. Paul, Fond du Lac. Dean.
  5. Bertram Herlong, Bishop of Tennessee. Assignment when elected: Cathedral of St. Paul, Detroit. Dean.
  6. Barry Howe, Bishop of West Missouri. barryroberthowe@cs.com Assignment when elected: Dean St. Peter's Cathedral, St. Petersburg, FL
  7. William Persell, Bishop of Chicago. dskidmore@epischicago.org Assignment when elected: Trinity Cathedral, Cleveland. Dean
  8. Robert Shahan, Bishop of Arizona. RobRShahan@aol.com Assignment when elected: Grace Cathedral. Dean. Topeka, Kansas
  9. Geralyn Wolf, Bishop of Rhode Island. bishop@episcopalri.org Assignment when elected: Christ Cathedral, Louisville, KY, Dean


See a list of the Cathedrals of the Episcopal Church.

For related information on the House of deputies, click on Deputy Parish Size.

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Bishops' Past Votes on Belwether LBG Issues

See my files on each bishop for her/his votes on Belether LBG Issues.  See the tally of roll call votes for bishops in 1997, especially the tally on B032, the vote to endorse the lbg-negative Kuala Lumpur Statement  See also the list of bishops who signed the lbg-positive pastoral statement to lesbigays following Lambeth 1998.  See also those who signed the 1994 Statement of Koinonia.
For parallel information on the House of deputies, click on Prior votes on Belwether LBG Issues.

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Proportion of the ECUSA Flock

 
Domestic Dioceses by Size, 1998 Communicants
1  64,797  Texas  Rt. Rev.Claude Payne 
2  58,494  Virginia  Rt. Rev.Peter Lee 
3